Diversity and seasonal dynamics of culturable airborne fungi in a cultural heritage conservation facility

Savković, Željko; Stupar, M.; Unković, Nikola; Ivanović, Žarko; Blagojević, Jovana; Popović, Slađana; Vukojević, Jelena; Grbić, Milica Ljaljević

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.105163

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Some sources propose that values above 1000 CFU m -3 are considered as high [54,55] while other ascertain a threshold of 1000 CFU m -3 for bacteria and 3000 CFU m -3 for fungi [56]. Nevertheless, increased levels of airborne fungal propagules are considered to pose a threat to cultural heritage, especially in enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces [57]. Therefore, a systematic monitoring of air quality is essential on the cultural heritage premises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimatic Effects on the Preservation of Finds in the Visitor Centre of the Archaelological Site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium

Ugrinović¹,

Sudimac²,

Savković³

2021

Preprint

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For the purpose of this paper, the actual air temperature and air humidity values were monitored in the Visitor Centre of the Archaeological site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium, designated cultural heritage of exceptional importance. The contamination level of archaeological finds in the site was microbiologically analysed. The findings showed that during the phase of microclimatic monitoring (February–April 2021), air humidity was almost constantly above the levels set by standards and recommendations for museum collections (&gt;60%). The highest levels of air humidity, amounting to 93%, were recorded in February, with daily oscillations of up to 30%; the lowest recorded temperature was 0.3°C, with the maximum daily oscillations of 6°C. Microbiological analysis revealed great diversity in the deterioration level of the finds, which can be attributed to the time lapse between the last conservation and the present. The comparative analysis of microclimatic monitoring and microbiological analysis results identified high levels of relative air humidity as the dominant factor in the increased microbiological contamination of the finds. The findings also pointed to the necessity of continuous microclimatic monitoring during the actual usage of the facility in order to provide the sustainable display and preservation of the finds on the premises.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimatic Effects on the Preservation of Finds in the Visitor Centre of the Archaelological Site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium

Ugrinović¹,

Sudimac²,

Savković³

2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Some sources propose that values above 1000 CFU m −3 are considered as high [53] while others ascertain a threshold of 1000 CFU m −3 for bacteria and 3000 CFU m −3 for fungi [54]. Nevertheless, increased levels of airborne fungal propagules are considered to pose a threat to cultural heritage, especially in enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces [55]. Therefore, a systematic monitoring of air quality is essential on the cultural heritage premises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimatic Effects on the Preservation of Finds in the Visitor Centre of the Archaeological Site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium

2021

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When an archaeological site is roofed over for the better display of the finds and more comfortable experience of the audience, the intervention undoubtedly changes the microclimatic conditions in the site. Although sudden changes in microclimatic factors are known to damage and/or destroy archaeological finds, their impact and its analysis are neglected in Serbia. There is no continuous monitoring and control of microclimatic conditions or their impact on architectural remains in archaeological sites. Accordingly, the values of microclimatic parameters of temperature and relative humidity and their daily oscillations are examined in this paper through microclimatic monitoring in the Visitor Center of the Archaeological Site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium, which is a cultural asset of exceptional importance. Moreover, microbiological analyses determine the degree of contamination of architectural findings. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the microclimatic regime in the Visitor Center of the Archaeological Site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium is in accordance with European standards and recommendations on optimal microclimatic conditions for the presentation and preservation of cultural heritage collections. The findings showed that during the phase of microclimatic monitoring (February–April 2021), air humidity was almost constantly above the levels set by standards and recommendations for museum collections (>60%). The highest levels of air humidity, amounting to 93%, were recorded in February, with daily oscillations of up to 30%; the lowest recorded temperature was 0.3 °C, with the maximum daily oscillations of 6 °C. Microbiological analysis revealed great diversity in the deterioration level of the finds, which can be attributed to the time lapse between the last conservation and the present. The comparative analysis of the results of microclimatic monitoring and microbiological analysis identified high levels of relative air humidity as the dominant factor in the increased microbiological contamination of the finds. It is also concluded that the continuous monitoring of the microclimatic parameters of temperature and relative humidity during the usage of the facility is necessary so as to enable sustainable presentation and preservation of findings.

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“…Fungal isolates used in the study were obtained from the culture collection of the Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade (BEOFB) or from the culture collection of the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel (HAI): Cyclocybe cylindracea BEOFB1210 (MW176087, 100%), Ganoderma resinaceum BEOFB440 (MW176072, 100%), Irpex lacteus BEOFB1910 (MH671316, 99.83%), Pleurotus ostreatus HAI592 (MW176092, 91.99%), Trametes versicolor BEOFB321 (MW176038, 99.64%). Identi cation of fungal species was con rmed by ITS gene sequencing and the PCR ampli cation of this region was conducted as described by Savković et al 45 . Gene bank accession numbers and homology percentages are given in brackets for each fungal isolate.…”

Section: Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological pretreatment of wheat straw: Effect of fungal culturing on enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrate polymers

Knežević¹,

Đokić²,

Tosti³

et al. 2021

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The aim of the study was comparative analysis of degradation of wheat straw lignin by white-rot fungi and its implications on the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of holocellulose. Cyclocybe cylindracea, Ganoderma resinaceum, Irpex lacteus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor were the species studied. Peroxidases were predominantly responsible for lignin degradation even though high laccase activities were detected, except in the case of Irpex lacteus where laccase activity was not detected. Studied fungal species showed various ability to degrade lignin in wheat straw which further affected release of reducing sugars during enzymatic saccharification. The highest rate of lignin degradation was noticed in sample pretreated with Irpex lacteus (50.9 ± 4.1%). Among all tested species only Ganoderma resinaceum was suitable lignin degrader with the 2-fold higher hydrolysis yield (51.1 ± 4.7%) than in the control, and could have significant biotechnological application due to lower cellulose loss. A key mechanism of carbohydrate component convertibility enhancement was lignin removal in the biomass. Long time consumption, the low sugar yields and unpredictable fungal response still remain the challenge of the fungal pretreatment process.

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Diversity and seasonal dynamics of culturable airborne fungi in a cultural heritage conservation facility

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Microclimatic Effects on the Preservation of Finds in the Visitor Centre of the Archaelological Site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium

Microclimatic Effects on the Preservation of Finds in the Visitor Centre of the Archaelological Site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium

Microclimatic Effects on the Preservation of Finds in the Visitor Centre of the Archaeological Site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium

Biological pretreatment of wheat straw: Effect of fungal culturing on enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrate polymers

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