Diversity and seasonal dynamics of airborne bacteria in the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China

Wang, Wanfu; Ma, Yantian; Ma, Xu; Wu, Fasi; Ma, Xiaojun; An, Lu; Feng, Huyuan

doi:10.1007/s10453-011-9208-0

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The influence of tourists and environmental factors were identified as the main factors contributing to biodeterioration 16 17 . In addition, microbial species with the potential to damage paintings or act as opportunistic pathogens to visitors were identified 18 19 .…”

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confidence: 99%

The community distribution of bacteria and fungi on ancient wall paintings of the Mogao Grottoes

et al. 2015

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In this study, we compared the microbial communities colonising ancient cave wall paintings of the Mogao Grottoes exhibiting signs of biodeterioration. Ten samples were collected from five different caves built during different time periods and analysed using culture-independent and culture-dependent methods. The clone library results revealed high microbial diversity, including the bacterial groups Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi and the fungal groups Euascomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Saccharomycetes, Plectomycetes, Pezizomycetes, Zygomycota, and Basidiomycota. The bacterial community structures differed among the samples, with no consistent temporal or spatial trends. However, the fungal community diversity index correlated with the building time of the caves independent of environmental factors (e.g., temperature or relative humidity). The enrichment cultures revealed that many culturable strains were highly resistant to various stresses and thus may be responsible for the damage to cave paintings in the Mogao Grottoes.

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confidence: 99%

The community distribution of bacteria and fungi on ancient wall paintings of the Mogao Grottoes

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…These buildings offer unique chemical environments, not encountered in the natural world, that may enhance the development of bioaerosols [11]. Bioaerosols are a large category of airborne particles, comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, pollen, and fragments of these or their metabolic products (e.g., mycotoxins), and endotoxins (part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria), and they can contribute to around 5-34% of indoor air pollution [12][13][14]. Bioaerosols can become a serious risk to the health of the population, airborne bacteria and fungi, in particular, can cause infectious diseases, allergic and toxic effects [11,[15][16][17][18][19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Bacterial Aerosol in a Preschool, Primary School and High School in Poland

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The issue of healthy educational buildings is a global concern because children are particularly at risk of lung damage and infection caused by poor indoor air quality (IAQ). This article presents the results of a preliminary study of the concentration and size distribution of bacterial aerosol in three educational buildings: a preschool, primary school, and high school. Sampling was undertaken in the classrooms with an Andersen six-stage impactor (with aerodynamic cut-off diameters of 7.0, 4.7, 3.3, 2.1, 1.1 and 0.65 µm) during spring 2016 and 2017, as well as the outside of the buildings. After incubation, bioaerosol particles captured on nutrient media on Petri dishes were quantitatively evaluated and qualitatively identified. The highest average concentration of bacterial aerosol was inside the primary school building (2205 CFU/m 3 ), whereas the lowest average concentration of indoor culturable bacteria was observed in the high school building (391 CFU/m 3 ). Using the obtained data, the exposure dose (ED) of the bacterial aerosol was estimated for children attending each educational level. The most frequently occurring species in the sampled bacterial aerosol were Gram-positive cocci in the indoor environment and Gram-positive rod-forming endospores in the outdoor environment.

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“…For example, using a similar sampling approach, Wang et al (2012) found that some of the dominant genera inside cave air included Micrococcus , Sphingomonas , Pseudomonas , and Bacillus ; which were also dominant in our aerosol samples. Urbano et al (2011) found a dominance of Bacillus in marine aerosol sampled in California.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Culturable bioaerosols along an urban waterfront are primarily associated with coarse particles

Montero

Dueker

O’Mullan

2016

PeerJ

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The source, characteristics and transport of viable microbial aerosols in urban centers are topics of significant environmental and public health concern. Recent studies have identified adjacent waterways, and especially polluted waterways, as an important source of microbial aerosols to urban air. The size of these aerosols influences how far they travel, their resistance to environmental stress, and their inhalation potential. In this study, we utilize a cascade impactor and aerosol particle monitor to characterize the size distribution of particles and culturable bacterial and fungal aerosols along the waterfront of a New York City embayment. We seek to address the potential contribution of bacterial aerosols from local sources and to determine how their number, size distribution, and taxonomic identity are affected by wind speed and wind direction (onshore vs. offshore). Total culturable microbial counts were higher under offshore winds (average of 778 CFU/m3 ± 67), with bacteria comprising the majority of colonies (58.5%), as compared to onshore winds (580 CFU/m3 ± 110) where fungi were dominant (87.7%). The majority of cultured bacteria and fungi sampled during both offshore winds (88%) and onshore winds (72%) were associated with coarse aerosols (>2.1 µm), indicative of production from local sources. There was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) of wind speed with both total and coarse culturable microbial aerosol concentrations. Taxonomic analysis, based on DNA sequencing, showed that Actinobacteria was the dominant phylum among aerosol isolates. In particular, Streptomyces and Bacillus, both spore forming genera that are often soil-associated, were abundant under both offshore and onshore wind conditions. Comparisons of bacterial communities present in the bioaerosol sequence libraries revealed that particle size played an important role in microbial aerosol taxonomy. Onshore and offshore coarse libraries were found to be most similar. This study demonstrates that the majority of culturable bacterial aerosols along a New York City waterfront were associated with coarse aerosol particles, highlighting the importance of local sources, and that the taxonomy of culturable aerosol bacteria differed by size fraction and wind direction.

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Diversity and seasonal dynamics of airborne bacteria in the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China

Cited by 33 publications

References 44 publications

The community distribution of bacteria and fungi on ancient wall paintings of the Mogao Grottoes

The community distribution of bacteria and fungi on ancient wall paintings of the Mogao Grottoes

Assessment of Bacterial Aerosol in a Preschool, Primary School and High School in Poland

Culturable bioaerosols along an urban waterfront are primarily associated with coarse particles

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