Diversity and Relationships within the Periplocoideae (Apocynaceae)

Venter, H.J.T.; Verhoeven, R.L.

doi:10.2307/3298633

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The subfamily is unique among subfamilies of Apocynaceae in the sense that they include genera with and without pollinia. Furthermore, pollinium structure is different in the Asian and African genera (Venter & Verhoeven, ), supporting independent origins of pollinia in different groups of the subfamily (Fishbein, ; Ionta & Judd, ). Periplocoideae were traditionally regarded as a transitional stage between Apocynoideae and Asclepiadoideae–Secamonoideae, but in recent studies (Livshultz et al ., ; Livshultz, ) tribe Baisseeae and other morphologically derived genera of Apocynoideae are placed as sister to the milkweed clade (Secamonoideae–Asclepiadoideae) in the larger APSA clade (Asclepiadoideae, Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae and Apocynoideae).…”

Section: Periplocoideaementioning

confidence: 95%

The taxonomy and systematics of Apocynaceae: where we stand in 2012

et al. 2013

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In their most recent classification of Apocynaceae in 2000, Endress and Bruyns recognized five subfamilies of Apocynaceae (Rauvolfioideae, Apocynoideae, Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae). Subsequently, through various studies using molecular data, it has been shown that most tribes and subtribes of Rauvolfioideae were not monophyletic, and new tribes and subtribes have been erected to reflect improved phylogenetic understanding of the family: Aspidospermeae in Rauvolfioideae; Nerieae, Odontadenieae and Baisseeae in Apocynoideae; Fockeeae in Asclepiadoideae; and Orthosiinae in Asclepiadeae. Several genera in Rauvolfioideae have been reassigned to different tribes in order to improve the monophyly of these tribes. The sister group of Asclepiadoideae plus Secamonoideae is not Periplocoideae, as formerly assumed, but tribe Baisseeae. Periplocoideae are nested in Apocynoideae. However, tribal composition remains unclear in some parts of the family. Clade structure in Apocynaceae is now generally well understood. The principal challenges now lie in identifying characters that can reflect and articulate these clades in a formal classification. Species‐rich, recent radiations such as core Asclepiadinae in Africa and the Metastematinae in Latin America present particular problems in this regard. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London

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Section: Periplocoideaementioning

confidence: 95%

The taxonomy and systematics of Apocynaceae: where we stand in 2012

et al. 2013

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“…The corolla-androecium tube and the normal corolla tube as reported in studied Periploca species can be differentiated to the lower and upper corolla tubes as discussed by previous authors (Endress and Bruyns, 2000;Venter and Verhoeven, 2001;Kunze, 2005). The lower corolla tube consists of the congenitally fused corolla, stamens, and nectaries ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This study also investigated how flower structure might help to guide insects into the flowers, with particular emphasis on the nectar position. The observed data are discussed and compared with those of previous studies on the subfamily Periplocoideae (Kunze, 1990(Kunze, , 1991Endress and Bruyns, 2000;Venter and Verhoeven, 2001;Pisciotta et al, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Floral function in relation to floral structure in two Periploca species(Periplocoideae) Apocynaceae

Heneidak¹,

Naidoo²

2015

Turk J Bot

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Periploca was described by Linnaeus (1753) and is the type genus of the subfamily Periplocoideae. Periploca species are limited to the Old World in their distribution in both Africa and Asia, from the Cape Verde Islands and the Canary Islands to North China and from the Balkan Peninsula to Malawi in East Africa (Browicz, 1966;Verhoeven and Venter, 1994;Venter, 1997). This genus exhibits a wide range of growth habit from forest climber to scrambling or erect shrub. Periploca aphylla Decne is an erect leafless shrub (2-4 m high) with distribution from Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula to Afghanistan (Venter, 1997). Periploca angustifolia Labill. is an erect leafy shrub (0.5-1.5 m high) with distribution in northern Africa, southern Europe, and Syria.The Periplocoideae flowers are bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous (except for the bicarpellate gynoecium), semi-epigynous, and fleshy (Venter and Verhoeven, 1997, 2001). These small flowers are complex in structure, exhibiting a high degree of synorganization between androecia and gynoecia, typical for derived members of Apocynaceae s.l. These flowers are characterized by their unique, spathulate pollen translators, which assist in pollen transfer (Safwat, 1962;Schick, 1982;Verhoeven and Venter, 2001). The relatively soft translators consist of a spoon-shaped receptacle onto which pollen is shed at anthesis, an adhesive disc that attaches to the pollinator, and a stipe (stalk) connecting the two (Verhoeven and Venter, 1997;Endress and Bruyns, 2000; Endress, 2004). Schick (1982) introduced the term "scutellum" for the solid part of the adhesive disc, which proved to be very useful. Ontogeny of the translators revealed that the scutellum developed first and the stipe became attached to the disc before the adhesive substance was added to the lower side of the scutellum or the stipe elongated to connect the adhesive disc to the receptacle (Kunze, 1993). Venter and Verhoeven (1997) used the floral structures

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“…However, this name was found to be a later homonym of Cryptolepis bifida (Blume) P.I.Forst (Forster, 1993). Even though the latter name is not in use anymore, as it is a synonym of Phyllanthera bifida Blume (Venter and Verhoeven, 2001) it was validly published according to Article 53.1 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill et al ., 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%