Diversity and evolution of marine phytoplankton

Simon, Nathalie; Cras, Anne-Lise; Foulon, Elodie; Lemée, Rodolphe

doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.09.009

Cited by 115 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The shift in CO 2 :HCO 3 − ratio may benefit species able to utilize only CO 2 by diffusive uptake. Such species are far more likely to exhibit stimulation of growth and photosynthesis at increased oceanic pCO 2 , as compared to species using HCO 3 − , or taking up CO 2 actively via a CCM [47]. Increased CO 2 availability could potentially alter phytoplankton community composition by favoring taxa having less efficient CCMs [43].…”

Section: Role Of Phytoplankton Ccmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marine phytoplankton perform half of all photosynthesis on Earth [1,2] and directly influence global biogeochemical cycles and the climate, yet how they will respond to future global change is unknown. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the principal drivers of global change and has been identified as one of the major challenges in the 21st century [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytoplankton as Key Mediators of the Biological Carbon Pump: Their Responses to a Changing Climate

2018

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The world's oceans are a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The biological carbon pump plays a vital role in the net transfer of CO 2 from the atmosphere to the oceans and then to the sediments, subsequently maintaining atmospheric CO 2 at significantly lower levels than would be the case if it did not exist. The efficiency of the biological pump is a function of phytoplankton physiology and community structure, which are in turn governed by the physical and chemical conditions of the ocean. However, only a few studies have focused on the importance of phytoplankton community structure to the biological pump. Because global change is expected to influence carbon and nutrient availability, temperature and light (via stratification), an improved understanding of how phytoplankton community size structure will respond in the future is required to gain insight into the biological pump and the ability of the ocean to act as a long-term sink for atmospheric CO 2 . This review article aims to explore the potential impacts of predicted changes in global temperature and the carbonate system on phytoplankton cell size, species and elemental composition, so as to shed light on the ability of the biological pump to sequester carbon in the future ocean.

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Section: Role Of Phytoplankton Ccmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton as Key Mediators of the Biological Carbon Pump: Their Responses to a Changing Climate

2018

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“…Mar Ecol Prog Ser 425: [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77] 2011 phytoplankton ecology at various temporal and spatial scales (Simon et al 2009). An unsuspected diversity has been revealed, in particular in the picoplanktonic size fraction, even sometimes at the intraspecific level (e.g.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…picoprasinophytes; Guillou et al 2004, Shi et al 2009). Several studies combining these complementary approaches have considerably advanced our general understanding of phytoplankton ecology at various temporal and spatial scales (Simon et al 2009). An unsuspected diversity has been revealed, in particular in the picoplanktonic size fraction, even sometimes at the intraspecific level (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between pigment ratios and growth irradiance in 11 marine phytoplankton species

Laviale¹,

Neveux²

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Light-dependent variation in pigment content was examined in 11 marine phytoplankton species representing 8 algal classes. Batch cultures of each species were acclimated to 7 irradiances between 10 and 700 µmol photons m -2 s -1. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis on exponentially growing cultures revealed that pigment ratios normalised to chlorophyll a (chl a) generally fell within the ranges previously reported for species of the same taxa. Unambiguous lightharvesting pigments (e.g. chlorophylls, fucoxanthin) showed limited amplitude of variation between low and high light conditions, while those involved in photoprotection (e.g. zeaxanthin, lutein, alloxanthin, diatoxanthin) dramatically increased under high light. Most of the relationships between pigment:chl a ratios and growth irradiance were quite well described using simple linear models. Among pigments shared by several species, chl b and c 3 , fucoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin exhibited similar trends regardless of the species studied, allowing general equations to be determined for each of these pigments. Determination of light:pigment relationships is a prerequisite for the development of more advanced modeling techniques such as artificial neural networks in chemotaxonomic studies. KEY WORDS: Phytoplankton · Cultures · Pigment ratios · Irradiance · Regression analysis · HPLC Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 425: [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77] 2011 phytoplankton ecology at various temporal and spatial scales (Simon et al. 2009). An unsuspected diversity has been revealed, in particular in the picoplanktonic size fraction, even sometimes at the intraspecific level (e.g. Rodriguez et al. 2005, Liu et al. 2009).The chemotaxonomic approach relies on the quantitative measurement of total chlorophyll a (Tchl a) as a proxy of phytoplankton biomass and of accessory pigments (other chlorophylls, carotenoids) as more or less specific chemotaxonomic markers. The contributions of distinct groups of microalgae to Tchl a can then be inferred from accessory pigment to Tchl a ratios (Jeffrey et al. 1999). A limited number of pigments can be assigned unambiguously to an algal class (e.g. alloxanthin for Cryptophyceae, but see Lewin et al. 2000) or exceptionally to a genus (i.e. divinyl-chl a for Procholorococcus, which in field studies is also included in Tchl a estimates). On the other hand, some pigments are distributed across several classes (e.g. fucoxanthin in Bacillariophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae) or shared by groups of species without correspondence with conventional taxa (e.g. 19'hexanoylfucoxanthin in some Haptophyceae and Dinophyceae) (Jeffrey & Vesk 1997). Along with this qualitative variability, it is well documented that pigment concentrations can also change with the physiological state of the cells, thereby explaining quantitative intraclass differences between species as well...

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“…The most successful phytoplankton groups in the modern ocean, that is, those that became the dominant assemblages since the Mesozoic, are diatoms, dinoflagellates and haptophytes (Simon et al 2009). The most recent unabridged account of the phytoplankton diversity of the world's oceans is still that of Sournia et al (1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phytoplankton of Guanabara Bay, Brazil: I. historical account of its biodiversity

Villac

Tenenbaum

2010

Biota Neotrop.

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This is a historical account of the biodiversity of phytoplankton in Guanabara Bay, Brazil. It is based on 57 publications that refer to sampling carried out between 1913 and 2004. The publications included are those with direct microscopic identification. Although 80% of the studies focus on ecological issues that tend to mention only the most abundant species, 24 publications provide comprehensive check-lists at the species level, especially of taxa ≥ 20 µm. The inventory of species includes, to date, 308 taxa among 199 diatoms, 90 dinoflagellates, 9 cyanobacteria, 5 euglenophyceans, 1 chlorophycean, 1 prasinophycean, 1 silicoflagellate, and 2 ebriids. The most conspicuous species were the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea and diatoms from the Skeletonema costatum complex. The first was the theme of the very first publication in the area (Faria 1914) that reported on its bloom associated with the mass mortality of fish due to oxygen depletion; it is still often found in high abundances (10 6 cell.L -1) in more protected areas. The second was long considered in the literature as a cosmopolitan and opportunistic species, until the recent discovery of cryptic species within the genus; taxonomic re-evaluation of local populations is, therefore, needed. Besides these two species, only other 25 species stood out in terms of frequency of occurrence and widespread distribution in the Bay, some known to be implicated in harmful blooms elsewhere. The biodiversity of dinoflagellates, especially within the Gymnodiniales, and that of other unidentified flagellates (Haptophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Raphidophyceae) is largely underestimated because of the use of fixatives that distort/destroy diagnostic characters. From the initial inventory of 124 taxa published in 1917 and the subsequent additions in species numbers, one can have a false perception that the phytoplankton biodiversity has increased throughout the years, despite the overall increase in eutrophication observed in Guanabara Bay. The reason for this may be twofold: 1) it is an artifact caused by our progressively improving technical capability to detect and identify species and 2) the possible effects of eutrophication could be better perceived when the community structure is evaluated, that is, when space-time variations in the abundances of the populations (rather than just number of species) are also taken into account. Resumo: Este é o histórico dos estudos sobre a biodiversidade do fitoplâncton da Baía da Guanabara, Brasil, com base em 57 publicações relativas a amostras coletadas no período entre 1913 e 2004. Estão aqui incluídas apenas as investigações que identificaram espécies por microscopia. Apesar de 80% dos estudos serem de cunho ecológico, os quais tendem a citar apenas as espécies mais abundantes, 24 publicações incluem listas completas dos táxons identificados em nível específico, especialmente daqueles ≥ 20 µm. Atualmente, o inventário de espécies inclui 308 táxons dentre 199 diatomáceas, 90 dinoflagelados, 9 cianobac...

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Diversity and evolution of marine phytoplankton

Cited by 115 publications

References 70 publications

Phytoplankton as Key Mediators of the Biological Carbon Pump: Their Responses to a Changing Climate

Phytoplankton as Key Mediators of the Biological Carbon Pump: Their Responses to a Changing Climate

Relationships between pigment ratios and growth irradiance in 11 marine phytoplankton species

The phytoplankton of Guanabara Bay, Brazil: I. historical account of its biodiversity

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