Diversity and Drug Resistance of Filamentous Fungi Isolated from the Fresh Raspberries

Abstract

Fungi are one of the most widely distributed microorganisms in the environment, including food such as fruits, vegetables and other crops, posing a potential threat to food safety and human health. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity, intensity and drug resistance of potentially pathogenic filamentous fungi isolated from the fresh raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.). A total of 50 strains belonging to genera Fusarium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Aspergillus and Acremonium were tested for drug resistance against 11 antifungals by disc diffusion and gradient strips methods. The average mycological contamination in the examined samples of raspberries amounted to 4.34 log CFU/g. The Cladosporium was isolated from all tested samples, followed by Alternaria and Fusarium with a frequency of 61% and 34%, respectively. The highest level of drug resistance was observed for Acremonium genera and Fusarium strains recorded a wide variation in drug resistance as revealed by susceptibility with amphotericin B and voriconzole with MICs ranged from 0.5–4 µg/ml and posaconazole with MICs ranging from 3–8 µg/ml. All fungal strains showed 100% resistance to caspofungin, fluconazole and flucytosine with both the methods, and 100% resistance to micafungin and anidulafungin in the gradient strip method.

Mycobiota of berry fruits – levels of filamentous fungi and mycotoxins, composition of fungi, and analysis of potential health risk for consumers

“…Surprisingly, although raspberries are attacked by plant pathogenic fungi, that could also be potentially pathogenic for human consumers to a similar extent as strawberries, in spite of a thorough search of available databases, we were unable to find any study on mycobiota of raspberries. Two of the authors of the current study have already published a part of the results concerning raspberries shown in this study, with respect to the drug resistance of fungal isolates [20]. Overall, a high level of resistance was found which could reduce the treatment efficacy of potential fungal infections by transfer of resistance genes to fruit consumers.…”

Metabolites from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Antimicrobial Activity

“…The increase in AMR results in severe threats to human health, resulting in 700,000 deaths per annum, which is predicted to increase to 10 million per annum by the year 2050 . This catastrophe is manifested by fungi and bacteria. , The spread of infectious diseases poses severe risks to public health and the global economy . In addition, over the past 20 years, livestock farming has experienced the highest expansion in the agricultural sector, and more livestock farms are being established, which increases the need for antibiotic growth promoters in animals raised for food applications.…”