“…Even though these type of markers may present a low level of polymorphism, heritability, and expression and are often susceptible to phenotypic plasticity [12], they were used by many authors to study agro morphological diversity in other small grain cereals [13][14][15][16]. Various studies reported the existence of a wide range of diversity in fonio germplasm accessions [17][18][19][20][21] for quantitative traits (plant height, number of leaves per plant, internode length, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity, leaf width, panicle leaf length, stem girth, raceme length, dry biomass yield and grain yield, seeds size, thousand seed weight) and for qualitative traits (collar color, green color of foliar limb, anthocyanin coloration and distribution in different aerial organs, type of panicle and panicle exertion, and grain color). However, previous works on fonio agromorphological characterization limited their collection area to only one or two countries, or used few accessions, overlooking the wider distribution range of the crop.…”