Diversidade de abelhas visitantes das flores de Citrus em pomares de laranjeira e tangerineira

Abstract

RESUMO-A presença de abelhas em culturas de valor comercial, no período de florescimento, é importante não apenas para garantir a polinização cruzada, quando indispensável, mas também para incrementar a produção de frutos e sementes. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve a finalidade de identificar as abelhas visitantes das flores em pomar de laranjeira (Citrus sinensis) e tangerineira (Citrus reticulata) em Salinas -MG. O trabalho foi conduzido na fazenda experimental Santa Isabel, da Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Salinas -MG, em pomares de laranjeira com as variedades, pera, baía e baianinha, e de tangerineira, variedade poncã. As coletas das abelhas visitantes das culturas da laranjeira e tangerineira foram feitas nas floradas principais, entre os meses de agosto e outubro. Foram coletadas as abelhas que visitaram as flores nos horários entre 06 h e 18 h, totalizando 52 horas na laranjeira e 50 horas na tangerineira. No pomar de laranjeira, foram coletados 5.045 espécimes com riqueza de 12 espécies, e na tangerineira, 1.428 espéci-mes com 20 espécies. As espécies de abelhas de maior predominância e dominância em todos os horários amostrados foram Apis mellifera e Trigona spinipes na cultura da laranjeira e A. mellifera, T. spinipes e Tetragonisca angustula na cultura da tangerineira. Termos para indexação: Apidae, Estrutura de comunidades, Rutaceae. DIVERSITY OF FLOWERS VISITING BEES OF Citrus IN SALINAS, STATE OF MINAS GERAISABSTRACT -The presence of bees on cultures with commercial value during flowering is important to ensure the cross-pollination, when necessary, but also to increase the production of fruits and seeds. This work aimed to identify flowers' visiting bees on orange and tangerine orchards in Salinas -MG. The work was leaded on Santa Isabel experimental farm of the Federal Agro-technical School of Salinas -MG, on orange orchards (Citrus sinensis) with pear, bahia and baianinha varieties in the spacing of 5,0 x 6,0, and on tangerine orchards (C. reticulate) using poncã variety in the spacing of 5,0 x 5,0. The sampling of visiting bees from orange and tangerine orchards was made during the main flowerings, between August and October. The bees that visited the flowers between 06:00 a.m. and 06:00 p.m. were collected. 5045 bees were collected with richness of 12 species in orange and 1428 bees with richness of 20 species in tangerine. The species of bees with major predominance and dominance in all sampled times were Apis mellifera and Trigona spinipes (orange) and Apis mellifera, Trigona spinipes e Tetragonisca angustula (tangerine).

BIOLOGY OF POLLINATION OF Citrus sinensis VARIETY ‘PERA RIO’

“…Of this total, the Apidae Family stood out with 99.00%, while the other Families (Andrenidae, Halictidae and Megachilidae) with percentages lower than 1%. In the present study, we observed a high association between species of the Apidae family and the species under study, with percentages similar to those observed in the present study (MALERBO-SOUZA NASCIMENTO et al, 2011).…”

“…Nascimento et al (2011) studying three varieties of Citrus sp in Salinas, MG, found high similarity between two orchards in full bloom with seasons similar to those of the present work. The authors stated that the causes of similarity are due to the large population of A. mellifera.…”

“…Malerbo-Souza et al (2003) found a relative frequency of 66% of A. mellifera in an orchard of the same species, considering it as an effective pollinator of the crop in some municipalities of São Paulo. Nascimento et al (2011) also found a high frequency of A. mellifera in orchards of mandarin and sweet orange (77% and 50%, respectively).…”

“…This bee was considered dominant, with a frequency of 34%, in the studies conducted by Malerbo-Souza et al (2003) in orange blossoms. There was also dominance of T. spinipes (1,078 individuals and frequency of 21.37%) in the work of Nascimento et al (2011) on C. sinensis flowers. The remaining visitors did not have a representative number of individuals and were considered as an accidental species by frequency and constancy.…”

Use of pectin in the postharvest conservation of tangerine

“…It is considered a mid-season fruit, which is harvested primarily from May to June and due to seasonality, there is a need to extend its offer to other periods of the year (Nascimento et al, 2010). About 960 tons of tangerines are harvested annually in the country (IBGE, 2012).…”