Diverse early dwarf mistletoes (<i>Arceuthobium</i>), ecological keystones of the Eocene Baltic amber biota

Sadowski, Eva‐Maria; Seyfullah, Leyla J.; Wilson, Carol; Calvin, Clyde L.; Schmidt, Alexander R.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1600390

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Thus, we suspect that the rareness of fern inclusions in Baltic amber is not a taphonomic bias. Following the latest reconstruction of the Baltic amber forest, it was a heterogeneous landscape with coastal swamps, bogs, lowland swamps, riparian forests, and mixed conifer‐angiosperm forest, intermingled by drier and light open patches (Sadowski et al, , , , ). The climate was most likely warm‐temperate to temperate and relatively humid (Kaasalainen et al, ; Sadowski et al, ; Rikkinen & Schmidt, ), so generally favoring terrestrial ferns but not epiphytic nor climbing ferns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How diverse were ferns in the Baltic amber forest?

Sadowski

Seyfullah

Regalado³

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Diverse temperate forest types and a high atmospheric humidity have recently been suggested for the Eocene source area of Baltic amber. However, ferns are astonishingly rare as inclusions in this amber, which is in contrast to other seed‐free land plants, fungi, and lichens. Moreover, the identities of some of the few described putative fern taxa are dubious, and some fossils were even assigned to the Paleozoic seed fern genera Alethopteris, Pecopteris and to the form genus Sphenopteris containing Paleozoic and Mesozoic fern‐like leaf fossils. Here, we review previously described fern inclusions from Baltic amber and identify further fern‐like leaf inclusions as belonging to the extant angiosperm genus Comptonia (sweet ferns, Myricaceae). We conclude that only one taxon, Matonia striata (Matoniaceae), can with confidence be identified as a Polypodiopsida representative. Although “Pecopteris” humboldtiana is so far only known as sterile foliage, its leaf morphology strongly suggests that also this taxon belongs to the Polypodiopsida rather than to any other tracheophyte lineage. We propose accommodating “Pecopteris” humboldtiana in the new genus Berendtiopteris. “Alethopteris” serrata and “Sphenopteris” phyllocladoides are not to be regarded as evidence of ferns from Baltic amber. Reinvestigation of the holotypes of these two taxa did not reveal to which tracheophyte lineages these fossils belong. We suggest that the scarcity of fern remains from Baltic amber may reflect both a relatively low fern diversity in the source area of the fossil resin, and an absence or rarity of epiphytic and climbing ferns as observed in modern temperate forest ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How diverse were ferns in the Baltic amber forest?

Sadowski

Seyfullah

Regalado³

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…Growing on branch and fruits of the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium viscoides (Göppert & Berendt, ) Sadowski et al ., (Fig. A).…”

Section: Class Order Family and Species Incertae Sedis Gonatobotrymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The dwarf mistletoe branch was described originally by Sadowski et al . (). The branch is partially covered by spider web, and it seems likely that the small branch became detached and fell on the web before getting entrapped by resin.…”

Section: Class Order Family and Species Incertae Sedis Gonatobotrymentioning

confidence: 97%

Caspary's fungi from Baltic amber: historic specimens and new evidence

Kettunen

Sadowski

Seyfullah

et al. 2018

Papers in Palaeontology

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Amber is a valuable source of Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossil fungi. The earliest amber‐preserved fungi were described in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from Eocene Baltic amber. In 1907, Richard Klebs summarized the legacy of Robert Caspary based on his specimens, research notes and publications. This treatise contains descriptions and illustrations of 13 morphologies of fossil fungi which have not been investigated since. We managed to locate six of Caspary's amber specimens and imaged and re‐investigated the fossil fungi within. We provide amended descriptions of these six specimens, select new specimens from historic and recent collections which are probably conspecific with five fossils that appear to have been lost, and finally also describe and evaluate five newly found fossil fungi from Baltic amber. The fungi belong to the phylum Ascomycota (Subkingdom Dikarya). Only two of Caspary's fungi can be confidently assigned to modern genera, Metacapnodium (Metacapnodiaceae) and Calicium (Caliciaceae). The new combination Calicium succini (Caspary) Rikkinen & A. R. Schmidt is made. The fossils originally placed in Acremonium, Cetraria, Gonatobotrys, Ramularia, Stilbum and Torula cannot be assigned to these genera, and should not be used as minimum age constrains for the respective lineages.

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“…There are not many reports on Arceuthobium macrofossils worldwide. The few Palaeogene records are fragments of shoots and fruiting inflorescences originating from the late Eocene Baltic amber (Sadowski et al 2017b). The only Neogene macrofossil records are shoots, flowers and fruits, from the late Miocene of Poland (Łańcucka-Środoniowa 1980).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The only Neogene macrofossil records are shoots, flowers and fruits, from the late Miocene of Poland (Łańcucka-Środoniowa 1980). Interestingly, the Baltic amber seems to encompass six different co-occurring Arceuthobium species (see Sadowski et al 2017b). Such a diversity hot spot is only known from current-day Mexico, established following the Miocene (Hawksworth & Wiens 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: Part V. Magnoliophyta 3 – Myrtales to Ericales

Grímsson

Bouchal

Xafis

et al. 2020

Grana

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The continued investigation of the middle Miocene palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin reveals numerous additional angiosperm taxa. The Myrtales to Ericales pollen record documented here comprises 46 different taxa belonging to (Rehderodendron) and Symplocaceae (Symplocos). Köppen signatures of potential modern analogues of the additional fossil woody elements confirm the hypothesis of a subtropical (Cfa, Cwa) climate at lower elevations and subsequent transition into a temperate climate with altitudinal succession (Cfa → Cfb/Dfa → Dfb; Cwa → Cwb → Dwbclimate). The fossil plants represent different vegetation units, from wetland lowlands to well-drained montane forests. Many of the fossil taxa have potential modern analogues that can be classified as nemoral and/or meridio-nemoral and/or semihumid-meridional vegetation elements. New is the recognition of oreotropical elements, which are direct indicators for a substantial altitudinal gradient.

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Diverse early dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium), ecological keystones of the Eocene Baltic amber biota

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

How diverse were ferns in the Baltic amber forest?

How diverse were ferns in the Baltic amber forest?

Caspary's fungi from Baltic amber: historic specimens and new evidence

Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: Part V. Magnoliophyta 3 – Myrtales to Ericales

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