Diverse Associations of Plasma Selenium Concentrations and SELENOP Gene Polymorphism with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components

Abstract

The relationship between selenium and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been discussed controversially, and limited studies have examined the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in selenoproteins genes with MetS. Hence, to examine the associations of plasma selenium concentrations and selenoprotein P rs7579 polymorphism with MetS, a case-control study of 1279 MetS cases and 1279 sex- and age- (±2 years) matched controls was conducted based on the baseline data of the Tongji-Ezhou Cohort study. Plasma selenium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. MetS was defined using the definition of the Joint Interim Statement, adjusted for the Chinese population. In addition, the rs7579 polymorphism was genotyped by the Agena MassARRAY System. Plasma selenium concentrations in the MetS group were higher than in the control group (93.88 μg/L (83.17-107.41) vs. 92.66 μg/L (82.36-103.53), P<0.05). Compared with quartile 4 (≥103.53 μg/L), the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with MetS were 0.79 (0.59-1.06) for quartile 1 (<82.36 μg/L), 0.75 (0.56-1.01) for quartile 2 (82.37-92.66 μg/L), and 0.61 (0.45-0.83) for quartile 3 (92.67-103.52 μg/L). The cubic spline analyses revealed a U-shaped association between plasma selenium and MetS, with the lowest risk at around 93.69 μg/L. Moreover, in cubic spline analyses, plasma selenium showed U-shaped associations with central obesity and high blood pressure, positive associations with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia, and a negative association with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Additionally, both the GA and GA+AA genotype carriers were associated with increased ORs of MetS comparing with the GG genotype carriers. Our findings suggested a U-shaped association between plasma selenium and MetS and diverse associations between plasma selenium and components of MetS. Furthermore, our study found that the A allele of rs7579 was associated with higher odds of MetS. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Associations between Urinary and Dietary Selenium and Blood Metabolic Parameters in a Healthy Northern Italy Population

“…This was the case despite the overall amount of selenium exposure falling in the expected range for both the Italian and more generally the European populations [ 21 , 26 , 49 ], and despite the fact that these associations were weak and generally statistically imprecise. The possibility that selenium may increase glycemia has been suggested by some prospective [ 50 , 51 ] and cross-sectional or case-control studies [ 50 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], although not all cohort studies are consistent [ 6 , 55 ]. In addition, a positive association between selenium exposure and glycemia is strongly supported by experimental and non-experimental studies on selenium and type 2 diabetes, with randomized controlled trials consistently showing a relation between selenium supplementation and disease risk [ 12 ].…”

“…The association of adverse lipid profile endpoints with urinary selenium is not entirely surprising, given the dose–response association between higher blood selenium concentrations and metabolic syndrome, higher triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, as well as the lower HDL-cholesterol consistently found in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and other studies [ 39 , 52 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Conversely, randomized controlled trials have shown little if any effect of selenium supplementation on the lipid profile [ 38 , 40 ].…”

A Functional Variant in SEPP1 Interacts With Plasma Selenium Concentrations on 3-Year Lipid Changes: A Prospective Cohort Study

“…The current study was conducted based on the Tongji-Ezhou (TJEZ) cohort study, which is an ongoing prospective cohort study, with the aim of investigating the associations of lifestyle, dietary factors, and genetic factors with chronic diseases. Design of the TJEZ cohort study has been described elsewhere ( 5 ). Briefly, 5,533 residents in Ezhou aged above 20 years were recruited between 2013 and 2015.…”

“…Plasma selenium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Agilent 7700 Series, Tokyo, Japan) in the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health at Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, as described previously ( 5 ). Prior to analysis, thawed samples (40 μL plasma) were diluted with ultrapure water and digestive solution at a ratio of 1:19:20.…”

“…In recent years, selenium-containing supplements and selenium-rich foods have been widely used due to their potential benefits (2). However, several studies revealed that high selenium was associated with numerous metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia (3)(4)(5). Most epidemiological studies examining the associations between selenium status and lipid levels are cross-sectional, while longitudinal evidence to show prospective associations is limited (3,(6)(7)(8).…”