Divergent Selection and Then What Not: The Conundrum of Missing Reproductive Isolation in Misty Lake and Stream Stickleback

Räsänen, Katja; Delcourt, Matthieu; Chapman, Lauren J.; Hendry, Andrew P.

doi:10.1155/2012/902438

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…Significantly reduced gene flow related to lakeand stream-specific adaptation has been inferred from genetic data in several instances, including both very young and older population pairs (Berner et al 2009, Lucek et al 2012, Thompson et al 1997, and parapatric ecotypes can be sufficiently strongly isolated to be recovered as reciprocally monophyletic taxa (Deagle et al 2012(Deagle et al , 2013. Early work suggested behavioral reproductive isolation has evolved between these forms in one lake (Reimchen et al 1985), but no behavioral isolation was found despite strongly differentiated phenotypes in the only other case in which this has been directly investigated (Rasanen et al 2012). Whether parapatric lake-stream stickleback ecotype pairs represent cases of speciation in primary contact or secondary contact after repeated colonization from the sea is not always clear (e.g., Deagle et al 2013, Thompson et al 1997.…”

Section: Speciation Associated With Transitions Between Discrete Habimentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation in Freshwater Fishes

Seehausen

Wagner

2014

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

191

228

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The extraordinary species richness of freshwater fishes has attracted much research on mechanisms and modes of speciation. We here review research on speciation in freshwater fishes in light of speciation theory, and place this in a context of broad-scale diversity patterns in freshwater fishes. We discuss several major repeated themes in freshwater fish speciation and the speciation mechanisms they are frequently associated with. These include transitions between marine and freshwater habitats, transitions between discrete freshwater habitats, and ecological transitions within habitats, as well as speciation without distinct niche shifts. Major research directions in the years to come include understanding the transition from extrinsic environment-dependent to intrinsic reproductive isolation and its influences on species persistence and understanding the extrinsic and intrinsic constraints to speciation and how these relate to broad-scale diversification patterns through time. 621 Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2014.45:621-651. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of California -San Francisco UCSF on 12/04/14. For personal use only.

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Section: Speciation Associated With Transitions Between Discrete Habimentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation in Freshwater Fishes

Seehausen

Wagner

2014

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

191

228

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“…Lake/stream stickleback Threespine stickleback are a good model for studying progress toward ecological speciation because they show dramatic adaptive divergence between populations in different environments (review: Bell and Foster 1994;Mc-Kinnon and Rundle 2002), but highly variable progress toward ecological speciation Hendry et al 2009). That is, in some population contrasts, reproductive barriers can be very strong, whereas in others, similar barriers can be weak or absent (e.g., Jones et al 2008;Hendry et al 2009;Raeymaekers et al 2010;R€ as€ anen et al 2012). This variation provides excellent opportunities to uncover the factors that promote and constrain progress toward ecological speciation ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, strong genetic incompatibilities are unlikely, given that among ecotype crosses can be successfully conducted and hybrids from these crosses are viable in the laboratory (Lavin and McPhail 1993;Raeymaekers et al 2010;Berner et al 2011). Overall, many of these reproductive barriers appear rather weak in at least some places, and assortative mating has not been found (Raeymaekers et al 2010;R€ as€ anen et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric reproductive barriers and mosaic reproductive isolation: insights fromMisty lake–stream stickleback

Räsänen

Hendry

2014

Ecology and Evolution

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Ecological speciation seems to occur readily but is clearly not ubiquitous – and the relative contributions of different reproductive barriers remain unclear in most systems. We here investigate the potential importance of selection against migrants in lake/stream stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from the Misty Lake system, Canada. This system is of particular interest because one population contrast (Lake vs. Outlet stream) shows very low genetic and morphological divergence, whereas another population contrast (Lake vs. Inlet stream) shows dramatic genetic and morphological divergence apparently without strong and symmetric reproductive barriers. To test whether selection against migrants might solve this “conundrum of missing reproductive isolation”, we performed a fully factorial reciprocal transplant experiment using 225 individually marked stickleback collected from the wild. Relative fitness of the different ecotypes (Lake, Inlet, and Outlet) was assessed based on survival and mass change in experimental enclosures. We found that Inlet fish performed poorly in the lake (selection against migrants in that direction), whereas Lake fish outperformed Inlet fish in all environments (no selection against migrants in the opposite direction). As predicted from their phenotypic and genetic similarity, Outlet and Lake fish performed similarly in all environments. These results suggest that selection against migrants is asymmetric and, together with previous work, indicates that multiple reproductive barriers contribute to reproductive isolation. Similar mosaic patterns of reproductive isolation are likely in other natural systems.

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“…Allochrony was generally weak, suggesting little scope for it to resolve the ‘conundrum of reproductive isolation’ (Räsänen et al ., ) in lake–stream stickleback. Indeed, the mean Overlap index for parapatric lake‐stream pairs was 0.82 ± 0.11, meaning that RI due to allochrony would be only 0.18.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing for parallel allochronic isolation in lake–stream stickleback

Hanson

Barrett

Hendry

2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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The evolution of reproductive isolation (RI) is a critical step shaping progress towards speciation. In the context of ecological speciation, a critical question is the extent to which specific reproductive barriers important to RI evolve rapidly and predictably in response to environmental differences. Only reproductive barriers with these properties (importance, rapidity, predictability) will drive the diversification of species that are cohesively structured by environment type. One candidate barrier that might exhibit such properties is allochrony, whereby populations breed at different times. We studied six independent lake-stream population pairs of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758) that are known from genetic studies to show RI. However, the specific reproductive barriers driving this RI have proven elusive, leading to a 'conundrum of missing reproductive isolation'. We here show that breeding times differ among some of the populations, but not in a consistent manner between lakes and streams. Moreover, the timing differences between lake and stream populations within each pair could account for only a small proportion of total RI measured with neutral genetic markers. Allochrony cannot solve the conundrum of missing reproductive isolation in lake-stream stickleback.

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Divergent Selection and Then What Not: The Conundrum of Missing Reproductive Isolation in Misty Lake and Stream Stickleback

Cited by 17 publications

References 86 publications

Speciation in Freshwater Fishes

Speciation in Freshwater Fishes

Asymmetric reproductive barriers and mosaic reproductive isolation: insights fromMisty lake–stream stickleback

Testing for parallel allochronic isolation in lake–stream stickleback

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