Divergence of mycorrhizal fungal communities in crop production systems

Hendrix, James W.; Bin, Guo; An, Z.-Q.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0479-1_11

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The indexes of diversity and dominance (Hendrix et al 1995) were calculated for analysis of the communities, considering each soil sample after the three cycles of trap cultures. The index of diversity of ShannonWiener (H') was obtained by the formula: H'= -∑(X i /X o ).log(X i /X o ), where X i = density of spores of each species, and X o = total density of spores from all species.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a gypsum mining impacted semiarid area

et al. 2010

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RESUMO -(Diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em áreas impactadas por mineração gesseira no semiarido). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do impacto produzido por mineração de gesso sobre a ocorrência e diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA). Amostras de solo foram coletadas nos períodos chuvoso e seco, em quatro áreas de mineração de gesso: caatinga nativa preservada (CN); arredores da mina (AM); área de rejeito (AR) e interface entre o depósito (rejeito) e uma área de caatinga degradada pela mineração (AI). Quarenta e duas espécies de plantas foram identifi cadas nas áreas; algumas não estavam presentes em ambos os períodos. Trinta e seis táxons de FMA foram identifi cados: 31 no período chuvoso e 31 no seco, com diferenças na composição de espécies. A atividade de mineração reduziu a diversidade de plantas e de FMA nas três áreas de mineração, comparando com a CN. Baixo índice de similaridade de plantas foi observado entre a CN e as áreas degradadas. Menor similaridade entre espécies de FMA foi observada no período chuvoso e entre a CN e as áreas impactadas. Glomus intraradices, Glomus sp.1 e Paraglomus occultum foram as espécies mais comumente encontradas, mostrando tolerância às condições edáfi cas nas áreas impactadas. Estas espécies devem ser testadas em programas de revegetação em áreas similarmente impactadas por mineração de gesso. Palavras chave: área degradada, gesso, micorriza, taxonomia ABSTRACT -(Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a gypsum mining impacted semiarid area). The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of gypsum mining on the occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Soil samples were collected in the rainy and dry periods in four areas of a gypsum mine: native preserved "caatinga" (NC); mine vicinity (MS); reject area (RA); interface between the reject area and an area of "caatinga" degraded by mining (IN). Forty two plant species were identifi ed in these areas; some were not found in both collection periods. Thirty six taxa of AMF were identifi ed: 31 in the rainy and 31 in the dry period, with different species composition. Mining activity reduced diversity of plants and of AMF in the three mining areas when compared to NC. Plant similarity indexes were low between NC and the degraded areas. Similarity among AMF species was lower in the rainy period and between NC and the ones affected by mining. Glomus intraradices, Glomus sp.1 and Paraglomus occultum were the most common AMF, showing tolerance of edaphic conditions in the impacted areas. These species should be further tested in programs of revegetation of similar gypsum mining degraded areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a gypsum mining impacted semiarid area

et al. 2010

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“…Although this isolate of G. macrocarpum is strongly parasitic (pathogenic) on tobacco in field soils with extremely high P, it does not appear to have parasitic effects on other crops. Furthermore, it appears to have some specificity for tobacco because, in field studies, G. macrocarpum populations (and stunt-disease) can be controlled by rotation with Festuca (containing an endophyte that inhibits G. macrocarpum) as effectively as by fumigation (Hendrix et al, 1992;An, Guo & Hendrix, 1993;Hendrix, Guo & An, 1995).…”

Section: (3) Genotypic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functioning of mycorrhizal associations along the mutualism–parasitism continuum*

1997

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3 SUMMARYA great diversity of plants and fungi engage in mycorrhizal associations. In natural habitats, and in an ecologically meaningful time span, these associations have evolved to improve the fitness of both plant and fungal symbionts. In systems managed by humans, mycorrhizal associations often improve plant productivity, but this is not always the case. Mycorrhizal fungi might be considered to be parasitic on plants when net cost of the symbiosis exceeds net benefits. Parasitism can be developmentally induced, environmentally induced, or possibly genotypically induced. Morphological, phenological, and physiological characteristics of the symbionts influence the functioning of mycorrhizas at an individual scale. Biotic and abiotic factors at the rhizosphere, community, and ecosystem scales further mediate mycorrhizal functioning. Despite the complexity of mycorrhizal associations, it might be possible to construct predictive models of mycorrhizal functioning. These models will need to incorporate variables and parameters that account for differences in plant responses to, and control of, mycorrhizal fungi, and differences in fungal effects on, and responses to, the plant. Developing and testing quantitative models of mycorrhizal functioning in the real world requires creative experimental manipulations and measurements. This work will be facilitated by recent advances in molecular and biochemical techniques. A greater understanding of how mycorrhizas function in complex natural systems is a prerequisite to managing them in agriculture, forestry, and restoration.

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“…mosseae/g soil were optimal for linseed in pot culture. Hendrix et al (1995) found that propagule densities (spores plus infected root pieces, wet-sieved from 38 to 425 µm) ranged from 0.2 to 2 propagules/g field soil for various cropping sequences in Kentucky. Kelly (1999) reported that spore numbers from sugarcane soils ranged from 1.4 to 8 spores/g, although it was unclear how many of these spores were non-viable or dormant.…”

Section: Response By Sugarcane To Varying Am Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth responses of sugarcane to mycorrhizal spore density and phosphorus rate

Kelly

Edwards

Thompson³

et al. 2005

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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Abstract. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, commonly found in long-term cane-growing fields in northern Queensland, are linked with both negative and positive growth responses by sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), depending on P supply. A glasshouse trial was established to examine whether AM density might also have an important influence on these growth responses. Mycorrhizal spores (Glomus clarum), isolated from a long-term cane block in northern Queensland, were introduced into a pasteurised low-P cane soil at 5 densities (0, 0.06, 0.25, 1, 4 spores/g soil) and with 4 P treatments (0, 8.2, 25, and 47 mg/kg). At 83 days after planting, sugarcane tops responded positively to P fertilizer, although responses attributable to spore density were rarely observed. In one case, addition of 4 spores/g led to a 53% yield response over those without AM at 8 mg P/kg, or a relative benefit of 17 mg P/kg. Root colonisation was reduced for plants with nil or 74 mg P/kg. For those without AM, P concentration in the topmost visible dewlap (TVD) leaf increased significantly with fertiliser P (0.07 v. 0.15%). However, P concentration increased further with the presence of AM spores. Irrespective of AM, the critical P concentration in the TVD leaf was 0.18%. This study confirms earlier reports that sugarcane is poorly responsive to AM. Spore density, up to 4 spores/g soil, appears unable to influence this responsiveness, either positively or negatively. Attempts to gain P benefits by increasing AM density through rotation seem unlikely to lead to yield increases by sugarcane. Conversely, sugarcane grown in fields with high spore densities and high plant-available P, such as long-term cane-growing soils, is unlikely to suffer a yield reduction from mycorrhizal fungi.

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Divergence of mycorrhizal fungal communities in crop production systems

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a gypsum mining impacted semiarid area

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a gypsum mining impacted semiarid area

Functioning of mycorrhizal associations along the mutualism–parasitism continuum*

Growth responses of sugarcane to mycorrhizal spore density and phosphorus rate

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