Diurnal Variation in Glucose Tolerance: Associated Changes in Plasma Insulin, Growth Hormone, and Non-esterified

Zimmet, Paul; Wall, Jack R.; Rome, Reporton a Who meeting; Stimmler, L.; Jarrett, R. J.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5906.485

Cited by 113 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results are consistent with previous findings on the modest role of fasting duration beyond 3 h in addition to time of day when measuring FPG and that more effort on the standardisation or assessment of other factors, such as diet and physical activity, is necessary [6]. Glucose tolerance Our results are consistent with previous evidence indicating higher 2hPG levels in the afternoon than in the morning [1][2][3] and that diurnal variation in glucose tolerance increases with age. However, we found no unanimous evidence to suggest that obesity would reduce diurnal variation in 2hPG [2].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Glucose tolerance Our results are consistent with previous evidence indicating higher 2hPG levels in the afternoon than in the morning [1][2][3] and that diurnal variation in glucose tolerance increases with age. However, we found no unanimous evidence to suggest that obesity would reduce diurnal variation in 2hPG [2]. A previous review reported that there is no evidence for an effect of fasting duration in addition to time of day [10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Diurnal variation in glucose tolerance was described more than 40 years ago [1][2][3]. Nevertheless, it is still not taken into account sufficiently in clinical practice or in epidemiological studies performing OGTTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of time of day and fasting duration on measures of glycaemia: analysis from the Whitehall II Study

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis We aimed to study diurnal variation in glucose regulation by examining the effects of time of day and fasting duration on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h post-load plasma glucose (2hPG) and HbA 1c levels. Methods We analysed data from 5,978 non-diabetic white men and women from the prospective Whitehall II Study. All studied participants fasted for at least 8 h before a clinical examination, which included an OGTT and anthropometric measurements. We fitted mixed-effects models for FPG, 2hPG and HbA 1c as outcome variables, and time of day and/or fasting duration as explanatory variables. Models were adjusted for age, BMI and study phase.Results Time of day and fasting duration were associated inversely with FPG and positively with 2hPG. The mean difference between measures at 08:00 and 15:00 hours in men/women was −0.46 (95% CI −0.50, −0.42) mmol/l/−0.39 (95% CI −0.46, −0.31) mmol/l and 1.39 (95% CI 1.25, 1.52) mmol/l/1.19 (95% CI 0.96, 1.42) mmol/l for FPG and 2hPG, respectively. HbA 1c levels were independent of either time. Time of day and fasting duration were independently associated with 2hPG. In contrast, the effect of fasting duration on FPG was markedly attenuated with adjustment for time of day. Ageing, but not obesity, was associated with increased diurnal variation in glucose tolerance. Conclusions/interpretation Both time of day and fasting duration should be considered in clinical practice and epidemiological studies, since they have clinically relevant effects on FPG and 2hPG levels. As biochemically expected, HbA 1c levels are independent of time of blood sampling and fasting duration.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of time of day and fasting duration on measures of glycaemia: analysis from the Whitehall II Study

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the analyses of both AIR and glucose tolerance, we strongly believe, however, that the decrease in postprandial insulin sensitivity is not due to diurnal variations in insulin sensitivity. In most studies, it has been observed that glucose tolerance is decreased in the afternoon or evening compared with the morning [37][38][39]; decreased glucose tolerance, in these studies, was shown to result from decreased insulin secretion [38][39][40], decreased insulin sensitivity [41,42] or both [37,43]. Although we observed decreased insulin sensitivity at 13.00 h, there is a noticeable difference to the above-mentioned reports on diurnal variation in glucose tolerance/insulin sensitivity; in our study, decreased insulin sensitivity is compensated by enhanced insulin secretion resulting in an even improved postprandial glucose tolerance when compared with respective postabsorptive values analysed in the morning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial lipaemia induces an acute decrease of insulin sensitivity in healthy men independently of plasma NEFA levels

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis: Typical Western diets cause postprandial lipaemia for 18 h per day. We tested the hypothesis that postprandial lipaemia decreases insulin sensitivity. Subjects, materials and methods: Employing a randomised crossover design, we administered two types of virtually isocaloric meals to ten healthy volunteers on two separate occasions. The meals (Meals 1 and 2) were both designed to produce a rise in triglycerides, but only Meal 1 generated a rise in NEFA, too. Insulin sensitivity, as quantified by an IVGTT with minimal model analysis, was calculated postabsorptively at 08.00 h and postprandially at 13.00 h, i.e. 3 h after meal ingestion. Results: Triglycerides rose from 0.91±0.31 mmol/l postabsorptively to 2.08±0.70 mmol/l postprandially with Meal 1 (p=0.005) and from 0.92±0.41 to 1.71±0.79 mmol/ l with Meal 2 (p=0.005). Neither the triglyceride levels at 13.00 h, nor the post-meal AUCs for triglycerides were statistically different between Meal 1 and Meal 2. NEFA rose from 0.44±0.17 mmol/l postabsorptively to 0.69±0.16 mmol/ l postprandially with Meal 1 (p=0.005) and showed no significant change with Meal 2 (0.46±0.31 mmol/l postabsorptively vs 0.36±0.32 mmol/l postprandially, p=0.09). Both the NEFA level at 13.00 h and the post-meal AUC for NEFA were significantly higher after Meal 1 than Meal 2. Compared with the postabsorptive state, insulin sensitivity decreased postprandially after each of the two meals to a comparable degree (Meal 1: −53%, p=0.02; Meal 2: −45%, p=0.005). Conclusions/interpretation: Our study reveals a drop in insulin sensitivity during postprandial lipaemia and strongly suggests that decreased insulin sensitivity is brought about by elevated plasma levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins independently of plasma NEFA levels.

show abstract

“…18^21 The diurnal variation in triglyceride concentrations in this study, with a gradual rise in concentrations during the day, corresponds to observations both in the earlier phase of the present study and in earlier reports. 13,21,22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical measures in a population-based study: effect of fasting duration and time of day

Emberson

Whincup

Walker³

et al. 2002

Ann Clin Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Epidemiological studies generally aim to make simple but unbiased measurements of individuals. For this reason measurements of metabolic variables (including blood lipids, glucose and insulin) are usually carried out after a period of fasting. Few studies have examined the extent to which the use of a de ned protocol for fasting in epidemiological studies abolishes the in uence of fasting duration and time of day on biochemical measurements.

show abstract

Diurnal Variation in Glucose Tolerance: Associated Changes in Plasma Insulin, Growth Hormone, and Non-esterified

Cited by 113 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of time of day and fasting duration on measures of glycaemia: analysis from the Whitehall II Study

Effect of time of day and fasting duration on measures of glycaemia: analysis from the Whitehall II Study

Postprandial lipaemia induces an acute decrease of insulin sensitivity in healthy men independently of plasma NEFA levels

Biochemical measures in a population-based study: effect of fasting duration and time of day

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About