Biochemical measures in a population-based study: effect of fasting duration and time of day

Emberson, Jonathan; Whincup, Peter H.; Walker, Mary; Thomas, Merlin C.; Alberti, K. G. M. M.

doi:10.1258/000456302320314511

Cited by 79 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our findings support the recommendation that standardisation of fasting duration and time of day is important in epidemiological studies and that adjustment for these factors is advisable where the necessary data are available [5]. These results indicate that timing should not be ignored when diagnosing diabetes, or comparing individual glucose levels longitudinally in clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Nevertheless, it is still not taken into account sufficiently in clinical practice or in epidemiological studies performing OGTTs. More recent studies have focused on the effect of either time of day or fasting duration on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [4][5][6], and to a lesser extent on post-load plasma glucose [7]. However, their joint effect, especially on 2 h post-load plasma glucose (2hPG), has never been analysed comprehensively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of time of day and fasting duration on measures of glycaemia: analysis from the Whitehall II Study

et al. 2012

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Aims/hypothesis We aimed to study diurnal variation in glucose regulation by examining the effects of time of day and fasting duration on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h post-load plasma glucose (2hPG) and HbA 1c levels. Methods We analysed data from 5,978 non-diabetic white men and women from the prospective Whitehall II Study. All studied participants fasted for at least 8 h before a clinical examination, which included an OGTT and anthropometric measurements. We fitted mixed-effects models for FPG, 2hPG and HbA 1c as outcome variables, and time of day and/or fasting duration as explanatory variables. Models were adjusted for age, BMI and study phase.Results Time of day and fasting duration were associated inversely with FPG and positively with 2hPG. The mean difference between measures at 08:00 and 15:00 hours in men/women was −0.46 (95% CI −0.50, −0.42) mmol/l/−0.39 (95% CI −0.46, −0.31) mmol/l and 1.39 (95% CI 1.25, 1.52) mmol/l/1.19 (95% CI 0.96, 1.42) mmol/l for FPG and 2hPG, respectively. HbA 1c levels were independent of either time. Time of day and fasting duration were independently associated with 2hPG. In contrast, the effect of fasting duration on FPG was markedly attenuated with adjustment for time of day. Ageing, but not obesity, was associated with increased diurnal variation in glucose tolerance. Conclusions/interpretation Both time of day and fasting duration should be considered in clinical practice and epidemiological studies, since they have clinically relevant effects on FPG and 2hPG levels. As biochemically expected, HbA 1c levels are independent of time of blood sampling and fasting duration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of time of day and fasting duration on measures of glycaemia: analysis from the Whitehall II Study

et al. 2012

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“…Details of classification methods for smoking status, physical activity, BMI alcohol intake and social class and measurements of blood pressure and blood lipids have been described. [32][33][34][35] The men were asked to report the total number of alcoholic drinks/week and were classified into five groups based on their total daily intake: none, o1/day, 1-2/day, 3-4/day and X5/day. One drink/unit (UK) ¼ 10 g alcohol.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Hepatic Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were measured on a Hitachi 747 automated analyzer using established methods. 35 Plasma glucose was measured by a glucose oxidase method using a Falcor 600 automated analyser. 36 Serum insulin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay which does not crossreact with proinsulin.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Hepatic Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Triglycerides, blood glucose and insulin concentrations were adjusted for the effects of fasting duration and time of day. 35 Insulin resistance was estimated according to the homoestasis model assessment (HOMA-the product of fasting glucose (mmol/l) and insulin (units/ml) divided by the constant 22.5). 38 HOMA-IR showed a 0.98 correlation with fasting insulin.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Hepatic Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of adiponectin with metabolic and vascular risk parameters in the British Regional Heart Study reveal stronger links to insulin resistance-related than to coronory heart disease risk-related parameters

et al. 2007

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Background and aim: Adiponectin is considered by many to be part of the 'common soil' linking type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the relationship between adiponectin and insulin resistance, metabolic, inflammatory and haemostatic risk factors and hepatic function. Methods and results: The study was carried out in 3640 non-diabetic men aged 60-79 years drawn from general practices in 24 British towns and who were not on warfarin. Adiponectin was associated with waist circumference (inversely), alcohol intake (positively) and physical activity (nonlinearly); no association was seen with cigarette smoking, prevalent CHD or stroke. After adjustment for these factors, adiponectin was significantly inversely associated with insulin resistance, triglyceride, C-reactive protein (but not interleukin 6), tissue plasminogen activator and alanine aminotransferase and positively associated with highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and Factor VIII, factors associated with diabetes. No association was seen with cholesterol, smoking, systolic blood pressure or coagulation factors. Risk of the metabolic syndrome decreased significantly with increasing adiponectin. Conclusion: Adiponectin is inversely associated with factors strongly associated with the development of diabetes. Limited associations with the established major risk factors for CHD suggest adiponectin may be a stronger marker of risk for diabetes than for CHD.

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Circulating Adiponectin Levels and Mortality in Elderly Men With and Without Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure

Wannamethee

Whincup²,

Lennon³

et al. 2007

Arch Intern Med

165

144

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Background: High adiponectin levels have been associated with reduced cardiovascular risk but have been shown to predict mortality in those at high risk for vascular disease. We examined the relationship between adiponectin levels and mortality in older men with and without diagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure. Methods: Prospective study of 4046 men aged 60 to 79 years drawn from general practices in 24 British towns and followed up for a mean of 6 years, during which 734 deaths occurred. The men were divided into the following groups according to the presence of physician-diagnosed CVD and heart failure: (1) those with no CVD or heart failure; (2) those with CVD but without heart failure; and (3) those with heart failure (with or without CVD). Results: After adjustment for a wide range of baseline characteristics, adiponectin levels were positively associated with significantly increased all-cause and CVD mortality in men with no diagnosed CVD or heart failure (top third vs bottom third adjusted relative risk, 1.55 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-2.02; P=.002 for trend] vs 1.53 [95% CI, 1.03-2.27; P=.02 for trend]), as well as in men with diagnosed heart failure ([adjusted relative risk, 2.37 [95% CI, 0.64-8.79; P=.04 for trend] vs 3.43 [95% CI, 0.54-21.70; P =.008 for trend]). No association was seen in those with diagnosed CVD without heart failure. Adjustment for weight loss and renal function made minor differences to these relationships. Conclusions: In older men, high adiponectin levels are associated with increased all-cause and CVD mortality in those with heart failure and those free of CVD. Such observations suggest that adiponectin levels may reflect a balance of both protective and harmful factors.

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Biochemical measures in a population-based study: effect of fasting duration and time of day

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of time of day and fasting duration on measures of glycaemia: analysis from the Whitehall II Study

Effect of time of day and fasting duration on measures of glycaemia: analysis from the Whitehall II Study

Associations of adiponectin with metabolic and vascular risk parameters in the British Regional Heart Study reveal stronger links to insulin resistance-related than to coronory heart disease risk-related parameters

Circulating Adiponectin Levels and Mortality in Elderly Men With and Without Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure

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