Diurnal variation in circulating levels of free fatty acids and growth hormone during crop gland activity in the pigeon (Columba livia)

March, G. L.; McKeown, B.A.; John, T. M.; George, J. C.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(78)90196-7

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The reason of the down‐regulated gene expressions of FAS , ACO , CPT1 and ACO after l15 may because of the decreased crop milk yield and lipid storage in crop of parental pigeons (Janssens, ), same explanation may also apply to the changes of parameters involved in glycosis and gluconeogenesis detected at the same periods in this study. Previously, significant sexual differences were not observed in relation to plasma levels of free fatty acid ( FFA ), whereas crop gland FFA values with males were greater from incubation to chick rearing (March et al., ). In this study, significant sexual differences were detected in gene expressions of FAS , ACO and ACC , but not CPT1 , and more data are needed to work out the influence of sex on lipid metabolism in adult pigeon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In glycolysis, HK, 6‐PFK, GK and PK catalyses the rate‐limiting processes, accompanying with the hydrolysis of ATP or the phosphorylation of ADP, to regulate the energy metabolism in cells (Pilkis & Granner, ). Parent pigeons expend energy in keeping egg warm during incubation phase, crop milk production and feeding squabs are accompanying with energy consumption during chick rearing (March, McKeown, John, & George, ; Monaghan & Nager, ). Based on these, the fluctuation of enzyme activities of HK and 6‐PFK , as well as the gene expressions of GK and PK, is supposed to be a part of adaptation of pigeon's metabolism to the demands for energy during the breeding cycle in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism‐related parameters in domestic pigeon (Columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing

Wan

Xie

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This study aimed to evaluate the hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism-related parameters of adult male and female White King pigeons (Columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing. At day 4 (I4), 10 (I10) and 17 (I17) of incubation and day 1 (R1), 7 (R7), 15 (R15) and 25 (R25) of chick rearing, livers were sampled from six pigeons for each sex. Glycogen and fat contents, activities of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, HK; 6-phosphofructokinase, 6-PFK), and genes expressions of key enzymes involved in glycolysis (pyruvate kinase, PK; glucokinase, GK), gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase cytosolic, PCK1; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, FBP1; glucose-6-phosphatase, G6Pase), fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthase, FAS; acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACC) and fatty acid β-oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, CPT1; acyl-CoA 1, ACO) were measured. In male and female pigeon livers, glycogen content and HK activity dramatically increased after I17 and after R1, respectively; expressions of FBP1 and G6Pase genes were maximized at R15; activity of 6-PFK and expressions of PK and CPT1 genes were highest at R7; fat content and expressions of FAS and ACC genes steeply increased from I10 to R1. In females, hepatic expressions of GK and PCK1 genes were greatest at R7 and I17, respectively; however, in males, both of them were maximized at R15. Hepatic expression of ACO gene was significantly enhanced at R1 compared to I17 and R7 in males, whereas it was notably up-regulated at I17 and R7 in females. Furthermore, expressions of PCK1, GK, FAS and ACC genes were in significant relation to fat content in the livers of female pigeons, while fat content in male pigeons was highly correlated with expression of PCK1, ACC, CPT1 and ACO genes. In conclusion, regulations of glucose and lipid metabolic processes were enhanced in parent pigeon livers from terminal phases of incubation to mid phase of chick rearing with sexual effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism‐related parameters in domestic pigeon (Columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing

Wan

Xie

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…ATPase is essential for energy production in cellular functions. The synthesis and secretion of crop milk are both processes that consume energy ( March et al, 1978 ). In our study, ATPase activity in crop tissue increased to the maximum before regurgitation, but then dramatically decreased during the whole period of chick rearing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the crop tissues of male and female pigeons during incubation and chick-rearing periods

Xie¹,

Zhu²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Poultry Science

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“…An active transport process by SGLT1 indirectly consumes energy, while transportation of glucose by GLUT2 is a non-energy-consuming process (Quick et al, 2003). The synthesis and secretion of crop milk and regurgitation all consume energy (March et al, 1978). Therefore, we speculated that downregulation of SGLT1 expression during the peak of crop milk formation may be the physiological choice of pigeons to transport glucose through a non-energy consuming pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of glucose metabolism‐related genes and AMP‐activated protein kinases in crop tissue of male and female pigeons (Columba livia domestica) during the incubation and chick‐rearing periods

Zhu

Xie

Chen

et al. 2022

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The objective of this study was to explore the carbohydrate contents of crop milk, insulin and glucose concentrations in serum and the expression patterns of AMP‐activated protein kinases (AMPKs) and genes related to glucose metabolism in pigeon crops during the breeding period. Crop milk was collected from squabs of rearing Day 1 (R1) to R6. Contents of total sugar and reducing sugar increased to the maximum levels at R6 (p < 0.05). Forty‐two pairs of adult pigeons were allotted to seven groups by different breeding stages, and their crops and serum were sampled. No significant differences were found in either insulin or glucose levels in serum. The glucose transporter 2 gene level was the greatest at R15 in females, whereas it was at R7 in males. However, sodium‐dependent glucose transporters 1 expression in both sexes decreased from incubation Day 17 (I17) to R7. In females, glucokinase expression peaked at R1, and at R1 and R7 in males. Pyruvate kinase mRNA levels peaked at R7 in females and at R15 males. The mRNA abundance of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase 1 in both sexes and glucose‐6‐phosphatase in females decreased after I10. While phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 expression decreased after I17 (p < 0.05). Protein levels of AMPKα in crops were minimized at R1 (p < 0.05). In females, expression of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 was inhibited at I17 and R1 (p < 0.05). In males, AMPKα1 expression was decreased at R7 (p < 0.05) and AMPKα2 was reduced at I10 and R1. pAMPK expression was the lowest at I17 in females, and it was at R7 and R25 in males. Conclusively, glycolysis in pigeon crops was enhanced during chick‐rearing, while gluconeogenesis was significantly inhibited. The stability of the insulin level suggests that it was probably not involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism in crop tissues.

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Diurnal variation in circulating levels of free fatty acids and growth hormone during crop gland activity in the pigeon (Columba livia)

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Changes in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism‐related parameters in domestic pigeon (Columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing

Changes in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism‐related parameters in domestic pigeon (Columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing

Lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the crop tissues of male and female pigeons during incubation and chick-rearing periods

Differential expression of glucose metabolism‐related genes and AMP‐activated protein kinases in crop tissue of male and female pigeons (Columba livia domestica) during the incubation and chick‐rearing periods

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