Diurnal, seasonal, and altitudinal trends in microclimate across a tropical montane cloud forest

Rapp, Joshua M.; Silman,

doi:10.3354/cr01127

Cited by 94 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The soils at higher elevations are shallower to bedrock but have deeper organic horizons ( Table 2). Further information on the sites and descriptions of the soils (Quesada et al 2010), climate (Rapp and Silman 2012), above-ground productivity and floristic composition (Asner et al 2014;Feeley et al 2011;Girardin et al 2010) are reported elsewhere.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because December falls in the early wet season for all study sites, soil microbes were not water limited during sample collection (Rapp and Silman 2012). For each sub-plot, soil was removed from a 40 9 40 cm area to 10 cm depth from the organic horizon.…”

Section: Soil Sampling and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enzyme temperature sensitivities may also be a consequence of temperature effects on substrate availability, desorption reactions and microbial C-use efficiency (Wallenstein et al 2011), and their temperature response may be obscured by physical obstruction between enzymes and the substrates they degrade (Zimmermann et al 2012 Given the lack of understanding of how climate warming will affect soil organic matter cycling in tropical montane forests, we investigated the temperature response of a range of enzymes involved in organic matter cycling (Table 1) along a tropical montane forest elevation gradient of 1900 m, where mean annual temperature (MAT) ranges from 7°C at the highest site to 17°C at the lowest site. This gradient provides valuable insight into the long-term temperature adaptation of enzymes because the study sites along this gradient do not experience significant seasonality in temperature (Rapp and Silman 2012) and their soils remain moist year-round (Zimmermann et al 2010a); as a result, the main abiotic influence on enzyme activity is the elevation-related temperature difference. Previous studies along this gradient have shown that the temperature sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration increases with increased elevation (Zimmermann et al 2009), which may be related to differences in resource availability, enzyme activity and the soil microbial community composition (Whitaker et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature sensitivity of soil enzymes along an elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes

et al. 2016

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Soil enzymes are catalysts of organic matter depolymerisation, which is of critical importance for ecosystem carbon (C) cycling. Better understanding of the sensitivity of enzymes to temperature will enable improved predictions of climate change impacts on soil C stocks. These impacts may be especially large in tropical montane forests, which contain large amounts of soil C. We determined the temperature sensitivity (Q 10 ) of a range of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes involved in organic matter cycling from soils along a 1900 m elevation gradient (a 10°C mean annual temperature gradient) of tropical montane forest in the Peruvian Andes. We investigated whether the activity (V max ) of selected enzymes: (i) exhibited a Q 10 that varied with elevation and/or soil properties; and (ii) varied among enzymes and according to the complexity of the target substrate for C-degrading enzymes. The Q 10 of V max for bglucosidase and b-xylanase increased with increasing elevation and declining mean annual temperature. For all other enzymes, including cellobiohydrolase, Nacetyl b-glucosaminidase and phosphomonoesterase, the Q 10 of V max did not vary linearly with elevation. Hydrolytic enzymes that degrade more complex C compounds had a greater Q 10 of V max , but this pattern did not apply to oxidative enzymes because phenol Responsible Editor: Kate Lajtha.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Sampling and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature sensitivity of soil enzymes along an elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes

et al. 2016

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“…Further descriptions of soil properties (Quesada et al 2010;Whitaker et al 2014;Zimmermann et al 2009), climate (Rapp and Silman 2012) and aboveground productivity and floristic composition (Asner et al 2013;Feeley et al 2011;Girardin et al 2010) for these sites are reported elsewhere.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient limitations to bacterial and fungal growth during cellulose decomposition in tropical forest soils

et al. 2017

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Nutrients constrain the soil carbon cycle in tropical forests, but we lack knowledge on how these constraints vary within the soil microbial community. Here, we used in situ fertilization in a montane tropical forest and in two lowland tropical forests on contrasting soil types to test the principal hypothesis that there are different nutrient constraints to different groups of microorganisms during the decomposition of cellulose. We also tested the hypotheses that decomposers shift from nitrogen to phosphorus constraints from montane to lowland forests, respectively, and are further constrained by potassium and sodium deficiency in the western Amazon. Cellulose and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and combined) were added to soils in situ, and microbial growth on cellulose (phospholipid fatty acids and ergosterol) and respiration were measured. Microbial growth on cellulose after single nutrient additions was highest following nitrogen addition for fungi, suggesting nitrogen as the primary limiting nutrient for cellulose decomposition. This was observed at all sites, with no clear shift in nutrient constraints to decomposition between lowland and montane sites. We also observed positive respiration and fungal growth responses to sodium and potassium addition at one of the lowland sites. However, when phosphorus was added, and especially when added in combination with other nutrients, bacterial growth was highest, suggesting that bacteria out-compete fungi for nitrogen where phosphorus is abundant. In summary, nitrogen constrains fungal growth and cellulose decomposition in both lowland and montane tropical forest soils, but additional nutrients may also be of critical importance in determining the balance between fungal and bacterial decomposition of cellulose.

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“…Epiphytic vegetation tends to be more numerous in sites with frequent fog occurrence, because it depends strongly on the humidity provided by the fog (Mondragón, Valverde, & Hernández‐Apolinar, ). Given that the frequency of fog occurrence usually increases with altitude (Pryet et al, ; Rapp & Silman, ), it is probable that epiphyte load shows a similar tendency (cf. Bruijnzeel et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall and fog interception at the lower and upper altitudinal limits of cloud forest in Veracruz, Mexico

González‐Martínez

Holwerda

2018

Hydrological Processes

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Comparisons of rainfall and fog interception among different types of tropical montane cloud forest usually reveal large differences, but the variation in these processes within a given forest type has rarely been studied. In the present study, the altitudinal variation of rainfall (Ip) and fog (If) interception was investigated for a lower montane cloud forest in central Veracruz, Mexico. For this, rainfall (P), net rainfall, fog presence (visibility), and meteorological variables were measured in the “Santuario” natural reserve (1,300 m asl) during two sampling periods that were representative of the dry and wet seasons, respectively. In addition, the canopy water storage capacity (Cm) was determined. The results were then compared with data published for the “Cortadura” reserve (2,170 m). There was no evidence of If in Santuario, whereas it was estimated at 8% of the dry‐season P in Cortadura. In Santuario, relative Ip was 22% and 9% of P during the dry and wet seasons, respectively (compared with 20% and 18% of P, respectively, in Cortadura). Average rainfall event size and Cm were the main factors determining the relative Ip at both sites. Cm was much lower in Santuario (1.0 mm) than in Cortadura (3.9 and 2.8 mm in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). However, because during the dry season the average rainfall event size was much lower in Santuario, relative Ip was similar between sites. In contrast, during the wet season, the average event size was similar between sites, so that the difference in Cm caused an important altitudinal variation in relative Ip.

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Diurnal, seasonal, and altitudinal trends in microclimate across a tropical montane cloud forest

Cited by 94 publications

References 56 publications

Temperature sensitivity of soil enzymes along an elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes

Temperature sensitivity of soil enzymes along an elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes

Nutrient limitations to bacterial and fungal growth during cellulose decomposition in tropical forest soils

Rainfall and fog interception at the lower and upper altitudinal limits of cloud forest in Veracruz, Mexico

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