Temperature sensitivity of soil enzymes along an elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes

Nottingham, Andrew T.; Turner, Benjamín L.; Whitaker, Jeanette; Ostle, Nicholas J.; Bardgett, Richard D.; McNamara, Niall P.; Salinas, Norma; Meir, Patrick

doi:10.1007/s10533-015-0176-2

Cited by 82 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The temperature sensitivity of V max , represented as Q 10 values, varied from 1.48 to 2.25 for Neurospora enzymes, similar to other studies (Hui, Mayes, & Wang, ; Koch, Tscherko, & Kandeler, ; Nottingham et al., ). Although our Q 10 values were based on Arrhenius theory, MMRT has been proposed as a more appropriate framework for analyzing enzyme temperature sensitivity because it does not assume constant Q 10 as temperature changes (Schipper et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For instance, in some tundra and forest soils, V max T S increased during cool seasons (Brzostek & Finzi, ; Wallenstein et al., ), although this pattern reversed for proteolytic activity in a sugar maple forest (Brzostek & Finzi, ). Across an elevation gradient in the Andes, V max T S was greater at higher, cooler elevations for some extracellular enzymes (Nottingham et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If E a increases under long‐term warming, so should V max temperature sensitivity in accordance with the Arrhenius relationship. Still, this mechanism is not widely recognized, as some recent studies have hypothesized the opposite pattern—lower V max temperature sensitivity in warmer environments (Brzostek & Finzi, ; Nottingham et al., ; Wallenstein, McMahon, & Schimel, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature sensitivities of extracellular enzymeV_maxandK_macross thermal environments

Allison

Romero‐Olivares

Lü

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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The magnitude and direction of carbon cycle feedbacks under climate warming remain uncertain due to insufficient knowledge about the temperature sensitivities of soil microbial processes. Enzymatic rates could increase at higher temperatures, but this response could change over time if soil microbes adapt to warming. We used the Arrhenius relationship, biochemical transition state theory, and thermal physiology theory to predict the responses of extracellular enzyme V and K to temperature. Based on these concepts, we hypothesized that V and K would correlate positively with each other and show positive temperature sensitivities. For enzymes from warmer environments, we expected to find lower V , K , and K temperature sensitivity but higher V temperature sensitivity. We tested these hypotheses with isolates of the filamentous fungus Neurospora discreta collected from around the globe and with decomposing leaf litter from a warming experiment in Alaskan boreal forest. For Neurospora extracellular enzymes, V Q ranged from 1.48 to 2.25, and K Q ranged from 0.71 to 2.80. In agreement with theory, V and K were positively correlated for some enzymes, and V declined under experimental warming in Alaskan litter. However, the temperature sensitivities of V and K did not vary as expected with warming. We also found no relationship between temperature sensitivity of V or K and mean annual temperature of the isolation site for Neurospora strains. Declining V in the Alaskan warming treatment implies a short-term negative feedback to climate change, but the Neurospora results suggest that climate-driven changes in plant inputs and soil properties are important controls on enzyme kinetics in the long term. Our empirical data on enzyme V , K , and temperature sensitivities should be useful for parameterizing existing biogeochemical models, but they reveal a need to develop new theory on thermal adaptation mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature sensitivities of extracellular enzymeV_maxandK_macross thermal environments

Allison

Romero‐Olivares

Lü

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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“…It remains to be determined whether lignin composition differs in the TMCF (for example, showing higher Ad/Al ratios in plant tissues) [ Wysocki et al ., ], thus leading to an overestimate of lignin oxidation in the O horizons. Second, in this Peruvian Andes transect, surface layers (including O horizon) are characterized by very high activities of phenol oxidase [ Nottingham et al ., ] and a dominance of fungal communities at all elevations [ Whitaker et al ., , ], which are key degraders and producers of enzymes associated with lignin oxidation. These communities may contribute to the elevated lignin side‐chain oxidation in the O horizons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source to sink: Evolution of lignin composition in the Madre de Dios River system with connection to the Amazon basin and offshore

et al. 2016

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While lignin geochemistry has been extensively investigated in the Amazon River, little is known about lignin distribution and dynamics within deep, stratified river channels or its transformations within soils prior to delivery to rivers. We characterized lignin phenols in soils, river particulate organic matter (POM), and dissolved organic matter (DOM) across a 4 km elevation gradient in the Madre de Dios River system, Peru, as well as in marine sediments to investigate the source‐to‐sink evolution of lignin. In soils, we found more oxidized lignin in organic horizons relative to mineral horizons. The oxidized lignin signature was maintained during transfer into rivers, and lignin was a relatively constant fraction of bulk organic carbon in soils and riverine POM. Lignin in DOM became increasingly oxidized downstream, indicating active transformation of dissolved lignin during transport, especially in the dry season. In contrast, POM accumulated undegraded lignin downstream during the wet season, suggesting that terrestrial input exceeded in‐river degradation. We discovered high concentrations of relatively undegraded lignin in POM at depth in the lower Madre de Dios River in both seasons, revealing a woody undercurrent for its transfer within these deep rivers. Our study of lignin evolution in the soil‐river‐ocean continuum highlights important seasonal and depth variations of river carbon components and their connection to soil carbon pools, providing new insights into fluvial carbon dynamics associated with the transfer of lignin biomarkers from source to sink.

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“…Enzymatic activity usually follows a strict Arrhenius relationship with temperature (Davidson, Janssens, & Luo, ; German et al, ), with very little increase in Q 10 at decreasing temperature. Furthermore, Q 10 values of enzyme activity are often ≤2, irrespective of temperature (Nottingham et al, ; Schindlbacher et al, ). A comparison of the temperature sensitivities ( Q 10 ) of MAT‐relevant microbial growth and enzyme activities (Figure 5b), indicates that enzyme activities have a lower Q 10 over the whole range of MAT, with the discrepancy increasing at lower temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of soil microbial growth to temperature: Using a tropical elevation gradient to predict future changes

Nottingham

Bååth

Reischke

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks to the climate are strongly modulated by the temperature response of soil microorganisms. Tropical forests, in particular, exert a major influence on global climate because they are the most productive terrestrial ecosystem. We used an elevation gradient across tropical forest in the Andes (a gradient of 20°C mean annual temperature, MAT), to test whether soil bacterial and fungal community growth responses are adapted to long‐term temperature differences. We evaluated the temperature dependency of soil bacterial and fungal growth using the leucine‐ and acetate‐incorporation methods, respectively, and determined indices for the temperature response of growth: Q 10 (temperature sensitivity over a given 10oC range) and T min (the minimum temperature for growth). For both bacterial and fungal communities, increased MAT (decreased elevation) resulted in increases in Q 10 and T min of growth. Across a MAT range from 6°C to 26°C, the Q 10 and T min varied for bacterial growth ( Q 10–20 = 2.4 to 3.5; T min = −8°C to −1.5°C) and fungal growth ( Q 10–20 = 2.6 to 3.6; T min = −6°C to −1°C). Thus, bacteria and fungi did not differ significantly in their growth temperature responses with changes in MAT. Our findings indicate that across natural temperature gradients, each increase in MAT by 1°C results in increases in T min of microbial growth by approximately 0.3°C and Q 10–20 by 0.05, consistent with long‐term temperature adaptation of soil microbial communities. A 2°C warming would increase microbial activity across a MAT gradient of 6°C to 26°C by 28% to 15%, respectively, and temperature adaptation of microbial communities would further increase activity by 1.2% to 0.3%. The impact of warming on microbial activity, and the related impact on soil carbon cycling, is thus greater in regions with lower MAT. These results can be used to predict future changes in the temperature response of microbial activity over different levels of warming and over large temperature ranges, extending to tropical regions.

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Temperature sensitivity of soil enzymes along an elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes

Cited by 82 publications

References 55 publications

Temperature sensitivities of extracellular enzymeV_maxandK_macross thermal environments

Temperature sensitivities of extracellular enzymeV_maxandK_macross thermal environments

Source to sink: Evolution of lignin composition in the Madre de Dios River system with connection to the Amazon basin and offshore

Adaptation of soil microbial growth to temperature: Using a tropical elevation gradient to predict future changes

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Temperature sensitivity of soil enzymes along an elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes

Cited by 82 publications

References 55 publications

Temperature sensitivities of extracellular enzymeVmaxandKmacross thermal environments

Temperature sensitivities of extracellular enzymeVmaxandKmacross thermal environments

Source to sink: Evolution of lignin composition in the Madre de Dios River system with connection to the Amazon basin and offshore

Adaptation of soil microbial growth to temperature: Using a tropical elevation gradient to predict future changes

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Temperature sensitivities of extracellular enzymeV_maxandK_macross thermal environments

Temperature sensitivities of extracellular enzymeV_maxandK_macross thermal environments