Diurnal sea surface temperature variation and its impact on the atmosphere and ocean: A review

Kawai, Yoshimi; Wada, Akiyoshi

doi:10.1007/s10872-007-0063-0

Cited by 299 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…This is consistent with a limit between 6 m s -1 and 10 m s -1 found by other authors (Gentemann et al, 2003;Gentemann and Minnett, 2008). The more important surface warming (of almost 2 ºC) occurred for low winds and high solar radiation, in accordance to many studies at the sea (Donlon et al, 1999;Donlon et al, 2002;Kawai and Wada, 2007;Gentemann and Minnett, 2008). The average observed ΔT w (0.55 m) was 0.0 ºC, the maximum observed ΔT w (0.55 m) was 3.0 ºC, and the minimum ΔT w (0.55 m) was -0.7 ºC.…”

Section: Warm Layer Effectsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…To avoid confusion, several definitions of surface temperature have been proposed for the marine environment, depending on the depth of measurement (Donlon et al, 2007;Kawai and Wada, 2007). We adapt (and adopt) these definitions for the freshwater case: 25  The interface surface temperature (T int ) is the theoretical temperature at the infinitesimally wide air-water interface.…”

Section: Definitions Of Surface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The warm layer forms during the day, and is due to surface stratification caused by the absorption of solar radiation in the first meters of the water column (Fairall et al, 1996a). The magnitude of the warm layer effect can attain several degrees (Fairall et al, 1996a;Kawai and Wada, 2007;Gentemann and Minnett, 2008). The 15 cool skin effect is almost always present and arises from the cooling of the first millimetres of the water column because of the joint action of longwave radiation, sensible and latent heat fluxes (Fairall et al, 1996a).…”

Section: Definitions Of Surface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of the thermal surface fluxes is important to understand the thermal behaviour of lakes (Henderson-Sellers, 1986 of a lake (Sahoo et al, 2013) and allows an estimation of a part of the water footprint of a nation due to artificial water reservoirs (Hoekstra, 2017). These fluxes depend on T int (Saunders, 1967;Kawai and Wada, 2007); T int determines the emitted longwave radiation and the value of the saturation vapour pressure at the surface, affecting latent and sensible flux calculations (Webster et al, 1996). The interface temperature T int is a theoretical value and cannot be known (Donlon et al, 2002).…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, satellite-derived measurements correspond to the instant water temperature at the top of the surface (~10-20 µm 25 deep), known as skin temperature (Donlon et al, 1999;Kawai and Wada, 2007). Skin temperatures can differ from SWT because the thermal structure of the first meters of the water column is not uniform under all conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LakeSST: Lake Skin Surface Temperatures in French inland water bodies for 1999–2016 from Landsat archives

Prats¹,

Reynaud²,

Rebière³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The spatial and temporal coverage of the Landsat satellite imagery make it an ideal resource for studies on the long term evolution of lake surface temperature and for geographical studies of temperature patterns. The Lake Skin Surface 10 Temperature (LakeSST) data set contains skin surface temperature data for 442 French water bodies (natural lakes, reservoirs, ponds, gravel pit lakes and quarry lakes) for the period 1999-2016 obtained from the thermal band of Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 archive images. The skin temperature measured by satellites differs slightly from water temperature in the first meters of the water column because of cool skin and warm layer effects. Nevertheless surface temperature parameterizations originally developed for the sea can be used to adjust LakeSST to commonly used lake water temperature, e.g. surface 15 temperature or temperature of the first 1~2 m. Moreover, theoretically small differences are to be expected between the freshwater and seawater case for low wind speeds. In fact, at the reservoir of Bimont, the estimated cool skin effect was about -0.3 ºC and -0.6 ºC most of time, while the warm layer effect at 0.55 m was negligible in average, but could occasionally attain several degrees and a cool layer was often observed in the night. The overall accuracy of the satellitederived temperature measurements was about 1.5 ºC, similar to other applications of satellite images to estimate freshwater

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Section: Warm Layer Effectsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Definitions Of Surface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Definitions Of Surface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

LakeSST: Lake Skin Surface Temperatures in French inland water bodies for 1999–2016 from Landsat archives

Prats¹,

Reynaud²,

Rebière³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Modeled diurnally varying sea surface temperatures and their influence on surface heat fluxes

Weihs

Bourassa

2014

JGR Oceans

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A diurnal warming model is used to create a new data set of global, diurnally varying sea surface temperatures (dSSTs) and surface turbulent heat fluxes over a 5 year period. The magnitude of diurnal warming is primarily a function of low wind speed and net heat flux. Differences between each of the surface turbulent fluxes with and without a diurnally varying SST are examined on hourly, daily, and seasonal time scales. Over a 2 month period, maximum averaged diurnal warming is as large as 0.3 C, and latent heat flux is underestimated by as much as 8 W/m 2 in the Indian Ocean. They also exceed roughly 0.7 C and 10 W/m 2 , respectively, up to 25% of the total daytime in the Atlantic. A best-case approach validation shows the model overestimates peak warming and underestimates the duration of the cycle, though the average error is quite small. The model is tested under a variety of wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation conditions to examine the impact of potential biases or error in the input data. To test the impact of a positive bias in the wind speeds, diurnal warming magnitudes are recomputed with an adjusted wind under nearneutral conditions. Compared to the original data, diurnal warming can increase by as much as 1.5 C on an hourly scale but generally is <0.06 C. Although precipitation effects on dSSTs are small compared to winds and radiation, the model configuration wrongly causes diurnal warming to increase by precipitation, contrary to the underlying model physics.

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Local feedback mechanisms of the shallow water region around the Maritime Continent

et al. 2014

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The focus of this study is the local-scale air-sea feedback mechanisms over the shallow shelf water region (water depth <200 m) of the Maritime Continent (MC). MC was selected as a pilot study site for its extensive shallow water coverage, geographic complexity, and importance in the global climate system. To identify the local-scale air-sea feedback processes, we ran numerical experiments with perturbed surface layer water temperature using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model and an uncoupled ocean model. By examining the responses of the coupled and uncoupled models to the water temperature perturbation, we identify that, at a local-scale, a negative feedback process through the coupled dynamics that tends to restore the SST from its perturbation could dominate the shallow water region of the MC at a short time scale of several days. The energy budget shows that 38% of initial perturbation-induced heat energy was adjusted through the air-sea feedback mechanisms within 2 weeks, of which 58% is directly transferred into the atmosphere by the adjustment of latent heat flux due to the evaporative cooling mechanism. The increased inputs of heat and moisture into the lower atmosphere then modifies its thermal structure and increases the formation of low-level clouds, which act as a shield preventing incoming solar radiation from reaching the sea surface, accounts for 38% of the total adjustment of surface heat fluxes, serving as the second mechanism for the negative feedback process. The adjustment of sensible heat flux and net longwave radiation play a secondary role. The response of the coupled system to the SST perturbation suggests a response time scale of the coupled feedback process of about 3-5 days. The two-way air-sea feedback tightly links the surface heat fluxes, clouds and SST, and can play an important role in regulating the shortterm variability of the SST over the shallow shelf water regions.

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Diurnal sea surface temperature variation and its impact on the atmosphere and ocean: A review

Cited by 299 publications

References 105 publications

LakeSST: Lake Skin Surface Temperatures in French inland water bodies for 1999–2016 from Landsat archives

LakeSST: Lake Skin Surface Temperatures in French inland water bodies for 1999–2016 from Landsat archives

Modeled diurnally varying sea surface temperatures and their influence on surface heat fluxes

Local feedback mechanisms of the shallow water region around the Maritime Continent

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