Diurnal Patterns of Blood Sugar, Plasma Insulin, Free Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Levels in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Type IV Hyperlipoproteinemia and the Effect of Meal Frequency

Schlierf, G.; Raetzer, H.

doi:10.1159/000175372

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, after the administration of an intravenous glucose load, the decrease in the arterial concentration of NEFA was less pronounced in the hyperlipaemic patients on both types of diet; this is another indication of the metabolic unresponsiveness towards carbohydrate that differentiated the hyperlipaemic patients from the control subjects. This finding is also in agreement with the observation that hyperlipaemic patients have a higher 24 h concentration of NEFA than control subjects despite similar fasting concentrations (Schlierf & Raetzer, 1972). The inadequate adaptation to carbohydrate administration thus probably places a continuous extra load on the endogenous transport of fatty acids through the VLDL triglyceride pool since the hepatic uptake of NEFA is mainly determined by the arterial concentration (Hagenfeldt, Wahren, Pernow & Riif, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Triglyceride, Free Fatty Acid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Hyperlipaemic (Type IV) and Normolipaemic Subjects on Carbohydrate- or Fat-Rich Diets

Hagenfeldt¹,

Hellström²,

Wahren³

1975

Clinical Science

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1. Five patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV and five normolipaemic controls were maintained on diets containing either a fat or a carbohydrate content of approximately 60%. Leg exchanges of triglycerides, free fatty acid (NEFA), glucose and other metabolites were measured in the basal state. The metabolic response to an intravenous glucose load and the turnover of intravenously infused (14C)oleic acid were determined. Individual fatty acids were analysed in plasma NEFA and very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride. 2. No differences were detected between patients and controls with regard to leg uptake of triglyceride or NEFA on either diet. On shifting from a fat-rich to a carbohydrate-rich diet, the control subjects showed reduced values for arterial NEFA and for NEFA turnover, accompanied by a lowered release of NEFA and glycerol from the leg. In patients, on the other hand, the arterial concentration and turnover of NEFA remained unchanged and the release of glycerol from the leg increased. Glucose administration gave a less-pronounced fall of arterial NEFA on either diet in the patients and the incorporation of (14C)oleic acid into triglycerides after glucose administration was more marked than in the controls. 3. No difference in net uptake of triglyceride by the leg was demonstrable between patients and controls. 4. it is concluded that hyperlipaemic patients show an altered metabolic response to a carbohydrate-rich diet, possibly contributing to the development of a hyperlipaemic state, and that acute glucose loading results in a greater incorporation of circulating NEFA into very-low-density lipoproteins in these patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Triglyceride, Free Fatty Acid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Hyperlipaemic (Type IV) and Normolipaemic Subjects on Carbohydrate- or Fat-Rich Diets

Hagenfeldt¹,

Hellström²,

Wahren³

1975

Clinical Science

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“…The second conclusion is that dietary and drug management of hypertriglyceridemia (type IV hyperlipoproteinemia), in view of the strong correlation of free fatty acid and plasma triglyceride levels (24,25), should aim at maintained lowering of the free fatty acid fraction. Although our studies were performed with diets of rather unusual and extreme makeup, a basically similar diurnal free fatty acid pattern appears to prevail with formula diets of ordinary (20% protein, 37% fat, 43% carbohydrate) composition (26) in that highest levels are found at night. If, for drug treatment of these disorders, substances are used, the mode of action of which appears to be related to inhibition of lipolysis, it may be useful to find a way for their administration at night, when lipolysis appears to be most active.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Diurnal Patterns of Triglycerides, Free Fatty Acids, Blood Sugar, and Insulin during Carbohydrate-Induction in Man and Their Modification by Nocturnal Suppression of Lipolysis

Schlierf¹,

Dorow²

1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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140

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A B S T R A C T Previous studies have shown that carbohydrate induction of hypertriglyceridemia in normal subjects occurs at night and appears to be related to a rise of free fatty acids after diurnal feeding of high-carbohydrate formula diet. The present investigation was undertaken to observe the effect on 24-h triglyceride, free fatty acid, blood sugar, and plasma insulin profiles of inhibition of nocturnal lipolysis by glucose or nicotinic acid in normal subjects and in patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia.In 10 normal subjects and 10 patients with primary type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, plasma triglyceride, free fatty acid, blood sugar, and insulin levels were followed in short intervals for 24 h while a 2,400 cal, 80% carbohydrate, fat-free formula diet was given in six equal portions during the day (control experiments). This procedure was repeated in the same subjects, 10 of whom (5 normal subjects and 5 patients) received additional feedings of glucose between 2000 and 0600 h while the other 10 persons (5 normal subjects and 5 patients) were given nicotinic acid by intravenous infusion during the same time interval. Both procedures resulted in maintained lowering of free fatty acid levels over 24 h. Mitigation of carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia appeared to result from the additional glucose in normals and in patients. Nicotinic acid abolished the nocturnal rise of plasma triglyceride levels which in the control studies of normal subjects had resulted in approximate doubling of triglyceride levels in 24 h.

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“…20,25,26) The daily rhythms in serum-free fatty acid levels are well known. 27,28) Consequently, circumstantial evidence suggests that adipocytes possess a functional molecular clock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Circadian Gene Expressions in Mice White Adipose Tissue and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Aoyagi

Shimba

Tezuka

2005

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Most, if not all, of physiological and behavioral processes exhibit circadian rhythms. Recently, molecular clocks similar to those operating in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons have been found in several peripheral tissues. Among peripheral tissues, several recent studies have revealed that white adipose tissues secrete a number of biologically active molecules such as leptin, resistin, adiponectin, etc. Importantly, the levels of these cytokine-like molecules are associated with development of lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetic mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. In this study, we attempted to characterize circadian gene expression in adipose tissue. Here, we show that the expression of several clock genes exhibits daily oscillation in mice white adipocytes. Circadian expression of adipocytes-related genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ2 was also observed. Interestingly, expression pattern of some clock genes in adipocytes is distinct from that in stromal-vascular fractions containing preadipocytes. In addition to these in vivo studies, we demonstrated that serum-or dexamethasone-shock induced the cyclic gene expression of clock genes in cultured adipocytes. Consequently, we are led to conclude that adipocytes contain the machineries necessary for circadian oscillation similar to that found in SCN. We then examined that whether the pharmacological effects of PPARγ2 ligand depend on the time of administration. Consist with its receptor levels, the pharmacological effects of PPARγ ligand administered during a dark period were more efficient than those during a light period in mice. These results suggest that chronotherapy targeted for adipocyte functions could be effective in improving of the symptoms of hyperlipidemia and other related diseases.

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Diurnal Patterns of Blood Sugar, Plasma Insulin, Free Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Levels in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Type IV Hyperlipoproteinemia and the Effect of Meal Frequency

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Triglyceride, Free Fatty Acid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Hyperlipaemic (Type IV) and Normolipaemic Subjects on Carbohydrate- or Fat-Rich Diets

Triglyceride, Free Fatty Acid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Hyperlipaemic (Type IV) and Normolipaemic Subjects on Carbohydrate- or Fat-Rich Diets

Diurnal Patterns of Triglycerides, Free Fatty Acids, Blood Sugar, and Insulin during Carbohydrate-Induction in Man and Their Modification by Nocturnal Suppression of Lipolysis

Characteristics of Circadian Gene Expressions in Mice White Adipose Tissue and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

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