Diurnal changes in water-soluble carbohydrate concentration in lucerne and tall fescue in autumn and the effects on in vitro fermentation

Cajarville, Cecilia; Britos, A.; Errandonea, N.; Gutiérrez, L.; Cozzolino, Daniel; Repetto, José Luis

doi:10.1080/00288233.2015.1018391

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In pastures, the amount of stored WSCs is associated with the plant's phenological stage [9]. Lolium perenne uses WSCs as an energy source immediately following defoliation until approximately one leaf has expanded completely and can generate enough energy via photosynthesis to cover maintenance requirements and tissue development [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Recovery in Pastures of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Pasture Brome (Bromus valdivianus Phil.) Under Two Defoliation Frequencies Determined by Thermal Time

et al. 2020

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The objectives of the experiment were to (i) examine the dynamics of WSC use and the recovery of leaf sheaths and blades of Bromus valdivianus Phil. and Lolium perenne L. subjected to two defoliation frequencies (DFs) determined by thermal time (TT); (ii) evaluate how DF influenced regrowth and accumulated herbage mass (AHM) during fall. Defoliation was carried out at frequencies of 135 and 270 accumulated growing degree days (AGDDs) for both species. Twelve plots were arranged in a three-block design. All plots had a conditioning period to establish the assigned DF prior to sampling. From the start of the experiment, “cores” were collected from each plot every three days until the DF was reached. Every core was separated into leaf and sheath material before measuring the WSC concentration. Lolium perenne had concentrated more WSCs than B. valdivianus. Both species adapted their WSC recovery according to the DF. The recovery of WSC was faster under a DF of 135 AGDDs than that of 270 AGDDs. Leaf sheaths contained more WSCs than leaf blades and were identified as WSC storage organs. This period can be used as the optimal defoliation interval in B. valdivianus and L. perenne grazing systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Recovery in Pastures of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Pasture Brome (Bromus valdivianus Phil.) Under Two Defoliation Frequencies Determined by Thermal Time

et al. 2020

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“…Similarly, other studies found a comparable pattern, wherein the concentration of WSC were 10% greater in red (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in the afternoon (1500-1600 h) than in morning (800-900 h) [12]. In addition, Griggs et al [14] observed 35 g kg DM −1 increase in total soluble carbohydrates in orchardgrass at 1900 compared to 700 h. Similarly, Cajarville et al [34] reported a linear increase in WSC for cool-season forages when harvested at different time intervals (900, 1300, and 1700 h). Although not directly measured, photosynthetically active radiation and solar radiation intensity may influence WSC accumulation and diurnal patterns in silvopastoral systems.…”

Section: Effectmentioning

confidence: 68%

Factors Affecting Sugar Accumulation and Fluxes in Warm- and Cool-Season Forages Grown in a Silvopastoral System

et al. 2021

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Forage management and environmental conditions affect water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) storage, and, in turn, influence ruminant forage utilization in silvopastoral systems. The objective was to determine effects of four dependent variables: forage species [(non-native, C3 (orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)) and native C4 mix (8:1:1 big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium Michx. Nash) and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L.))]; fertility (poultry litter and an unfertilized control); forage sampling date (mid-May, late-May, early-June, mid-June, and late-June); and hour of day (0800, 1100, 1400, and 1700 h) on WSC accumulation in a silvopasture. Concentrations of WSC (g kg DM−1) were greater (p ≤ 0.05) for C3 forages, with poultry litter not impacting WSC accumulation. Overall, WSC was greatest in mid-June, with the lowest WSC concentration observed at 0800 compared to 1100, 1400, and 1700 h (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, harvesting forages later in the day resulted in greater WSC. A stepwise regression model indicated acid detergent fiber, ash, and forage P concentration were the best predictors (R2 = 0.85, p ≤ 0.05) of forage WSC. These results may be useful in future studies aimed at explaining diurnal cattle grazing preference and optimum forage harvest timing in silvopastoral systems.

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“…The in vitro gas production protocol was carried out as described by Cajarville et al [50]. Briefly, the rumen fluid (10 mL) was dispensed into pre-warmed 125 mL bottles containing the substrate (0.5 g of a mixture of corn, 0.165 g, and alfalfa, 0.335 g, ground through a 1 mm sieve) and the milieu (40.5 mL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of N-Oxide-Containing Aromatic Heterocycles as Pharmacophores for Rumen Fermentation Modifiers

et al. 2019

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Different strategies have been used to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from domesticated ruminants, including the removal of protozoa (defaunation). The objective of the present work was to analyze the potential of different N-oxide-containing aromatic heterocycles with known antiprotozoal activity as rumen-gas-abating agents. Nineteen pure compounds, belonging to seven different N-oxide chemotypes from our chemo-library were studied together with monensin in an in vitro rumen simulation assay. Fermentation profiles, i.e., gas production, pH, and short carboxylic acid concentrations, were compared to an untreated control at 96 h post inoculation. In our study, we investigated whole-ruminal fluid, with and without compound treatments, by NMR spectroscopy focusing on concentrations of the metabolites acetate, propionate, butyrate, and lactate. From data analysis, three of the compounds from different N-oxide chemotypes, including quinoxaline dioxide, benzofuroxan, and methylfuroxan, were able to diminish the production of gases such as monensin with similar gas production lag times for each of them. Additionally, unlike monensin, one methylfuroxan did not decrease the rumen pH during the analyzed incubation time, shifting rumen fermentation to increase the molar concentrations of propionate and butyrate. These facts suggest interesting alternatives as feed supplements to control gas emissions from dairy ruminants.

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Diurnal changes in water-soluble carbohydrate concentration in lucerne and tall fescue in autumn and the effects on in vitro fermentation

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Recovery in Pastures of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Pasture Brome (Bromus valdivianus Phil.) Under Two Defoliation Frequencies Determined by Thermal Time

Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Recovery in Pastures of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Pasture Brome (Bromus valdivianus Phil.) Under Two Defoliation Frequencies Determined by Thermal Time

Factors Affecting Sugar Accumulation and Fluxes in Warm- and Cool-Season Forages Grown in a Silvopastoral System

Identification of N-Oxide-Containing Aromatic Heterocycles as Pharmacophores for Rumen Fermentation Modifiers

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