Diurnal and annual variations in 10‐kHz radio noise

Clilverd, Mark A.; Watkins, Nicholas W.; Smith, A. J.; Yearby, K. H.

doi:10.1029/1999rs900009

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…However, due to the doubtful conversion from the vertical electric field to the horizontal magnetic one, different results were given by Chapman and Macario (1956) when it came to the correlation between the frequency spectra and audio-frequency fluctuations. Recording the instantaneous narrow-band noise amplitude in the range of 10 Hz-32 kHz frequency, Chrissan and Fraser-Smith (1996) revealed that many of the variations of the noise amplitude correlated well with global lightning flash rates, which agreed with the conclusion by Clilverd et al (1999).…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

“…Global characteristics of the atmospheric noise have been well‐studied (Chrissan & Fraser‐Smith, 1996; Clilverd et al., 1999; Reuveni et al., 2016). However, due to the regional heterogeneity of lightning sources (Wilcox & Maple, 1960), it is also vital to do some analysis in specific sites to enrich the local atmospheric noise characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Analysis of Very Low Frequency Atmospheric Noise Caused by the Global Lightning Using Ground‐Based Observations in China

Pang

et al. 2021

JGR Space Physics

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supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Analysis of Very Low Frequency Atmospheric Noise Caused by the Global Lightning Using Ground‐Based Observations in China

Pang

et al. 2021

JGR Space Physics

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“…Attenuation rate is the lowest for s g 5 ', which is a good approximation for seawater (Wait 1968). Clilverd et al (1999a) investigated lightning activity in Africa and South America from 10-kHz spectral power measurements using a VLF receiver in Halley, Antarctica. To investigate the significant diurnal and annual variations in the VLF propagation, they used signals from 10-kHz Omega transmitters in Liberia and Argentina.…”

Section: A Background: Very Low-frequency Signal Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Long-Range Lightning Detection Network for the Pacific: Construction, Calibration, and Performance*

Pessi

Businger

Cummins

et al. 2009

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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The waveguide between the earth's surface and the ionosphere allows very low-frequency (VLF) emissions generated by lightning, called sferics, to propagate over long distances. The new Pacific Lightning Detection Network (PacNet), as a part of a larger long-range lightning detection network (LLDN), utilizes this attribute to monitor lightning activity over the central North Pacific Ocean with a network of groundbased lightning detectors that have been installed on four widely spaced Pacific islands (400-3800 km). PacNet and LLDN sensors combine both magnetic direction finding (MDF) and time-of-arrival (TOA)-based technology to locate a strike with as few as two sensors. As a result, PacNet/LLDN is one of the few observing systems, outside of geostationary satellites, that provides continuous real-time data concerning convective storms throughout a synoptic-scale area over the open ocean.The performance of the PacNet/LLDN was carefully assessed. Long-range lightning flash detection efficiency (DE) and location accuracy (LA) models were developed with reference to accurate data from the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN). Model calibration procedures are detailed, and comparisons of model results with lightning observations from the PacNet/LLDN in correlation with NASA's Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) are presented. The daytime and nighttime flash DE in the northcentral Pacific is in the range of 17%-23% and 40%-61%, respectively. The median LA is in the range of 13-40 km. The results of this extensive analysis suggest that the DE and LA models are reasonably able to reproduce the observed performance of PacNet/LLDN.The implications of this work are that the DE and LA model outputs can be used in quantitative applications of the PacNet/LLDN over the North Pacific Ocean and elsewhere. For example, by virtue of the relationship between lightning and rainfall rates, these data also hold promise as input for NWP models as a proxy for latent heat release in convection. Moreover, the PacNet/LLDN datastream is useful for investigations of storm morphology and cloud microphysics over the central North Pacific Ocean. Notably, the PacNet/LLDN lightning datastream has application for planning transpacific flights and nowcasting of squall lines and tropical storms.

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“…As Trimpi are not observed for daytime ionospheric conditions, only days in March through to September were included, avoiding the Antarctic summer. Optimal experimental conditions for VLF subionospheric observations at Faraday occur at 5.5–6.5 UT, at which time the influence of lightning noise levels is lowest [ Clilverd et al , 1999a]. In this time window the most likely rate was one Trimpi perturbation per min, while on ∼30% of days the rate was greater than 2 min −1 , and on only 10% of the days was the rate higher than 3 min −1 [ Rodger et al , 2002].…”

Section: Lightning Driven Wep Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of lightning‐generated whistlers to inner radiation belt electron lifetimes

2003

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[1] The behavior of high-energy electrons trapped in the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts has been extensively studied, through both experimental and theoretical techniques. While the evidence for whistler induced electron precipitation (WEP) from the radiation belts is overwhelming, and the mechanisms behind WEP are well understood, the overall significance of WEP on radiation belt loss rates has not been clear. In this paper we investigate the L-shell variation and significance of WEP-driven loss of Van Allen belt electrons by combining in situ measurements of electron precipitation, local WEP rates determined from Trimpi perturbations, and global lightning distributions. Our modeling suggests that long-term WEP driven losses are more significant than all other inner radiation belt loss processes for electron kinetic energies in the range $50-150 keV in the L-shell range L = 2-2.4. These calculated lifetimes are comparable to the observed decay rates of artificially injected high-energy electrons. The upper energy limit of the WEP significance range increases with decreasing L to $225 keV at L = 2. For electron energies above this range manmade VLF transmitters and plasmaspheric hiss should dominate over all other loss processes. However, as our lifetimes are based on rather conservative parameter estimates, these conclusions should represent the lower bounds for the energy ranges over which WEP losses are significant. For lower L-shells the coupling of lightning activity to the production of WEP events rapidly decreases, such that by L $ 1.7 WEP will be unimportant in the overall loss processes.INDEX TERMS: 2716 Magnetospheric Physics: Energetic particles, precipitating; 2730 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetosphere-inner; 2736 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetosphere/ionosphere interactions; 2483 Ionosphere: Wave/particle interactions; 3304 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Atmospheric electricity; KEYWORDS: whistlers, inner radiation belt, electron precipitation, Trimpi, lightning, wave-particle interaction Citation: Rodger, C. J., M. A. Clilverd, and R. J. McCormick, Significance of lightning-generated whistlers to inner radiation belt electron lifetimes,

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Diurnal and annual variations in 10‐kHz radio noise

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Statistical Analysis of Very Low Frequency Atmospheric Noise Caused by the Global Lightning Using Ground‐Based Observations in China

Statistical Analysis of Very Low Frequency Atmospheric Noise Caused by the Global Lightning Using Ground‐Based Observations in China

Development of a Long-Range Lightning Detection Network for the Pacific: Construction, Calibration, and Performance*

Significance of lightning‐generated whistlers to inner radiation belt electron lifetimes

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