Disturbances of the Thermosphere and the Ionosphere during a Meteorological Storm

Abstract

Determination of the physical mechanisms of energy transfer of tropospheric disturbances to the ionosphere is one of the fundamental problems of atmospheric physics. This article presents the results of observations carried out using two-wavelength lidar sensing at tropospheric altitudes and satellite GPS measurements during a meteorological storm in Kaliningrad (Russia, 54.7° N, 20.5° E) on 1 April 2016. During lidar sensing, it was found that the amplitudes of variations in atmospheric parameters with periods of acoustic (AWs) and internal gravity (IGWs) waves significantly increased. As a result of numerical modeling using the AtmoSym software package, it was shown that there is a noticeable increase in the period of temperature disturbances from 6–12 min to 10–17 min at altitudes from 150 km up to 230 km during the vertical propagation of acoustic waves and internal gravity waves from the troposphere. Nonlinear and dissipative processes in this layer lead to the formation of sources of secondary waves in the thermosphere with periods longer than those of primary ones. In this case, the unsteady nature of the wave source and the short duration of its operation does not lead to significant heating of the thermosphere. Simultaneous satellite observations demonstrate the response of the ionosphere (total electron content (TEC) disturbance) to tropospheric disturbances. Analysis of the time series of the amplitudes of the reflected lidar signal and TEC made it possible to determine that the response time of the ionosphere to tropospheric disturbances is 30–40 min.

Dynamical Complexity Response in Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Across Eastern Africa Sector During Geomagnetic Storms Using Neural Network Entropy

“…This observation implies that the propagation of TIDs is driven at all the phases of geomagnetic storms which suggests that the behavior is complicated and perhaps is sometimes driven by meteorological phenomenon other than substorms. We suspect that the influence of magnetospheric substorms and meteorological factors could be responsible for the generation of TIDs occurrence at initial, main and recovery phases of geomagnetic storm (Borchevkina et al., 2021; Meng, Tsurutani, & Mannucci, 2019).…”

“…Meteorological/geological events such as thunderstorm, sudden stratospheric warming, volcanos, tsunamis, underground nuclear explosion, typhoon, earthquakes propagate medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) (Artru et al., 2005; de Jesus et al., 2017; Jonah et al., 2020; Kundu et al., 2021; Maletckii & Astafyeva, 2021; Meng, Vergados, et al., 2019; Occhipinti et al., 2013; Sunil et al., 2015). For instance, findings on thunderstorm have shown that the activities of lighting produced during thunderstorms can transfer energy from the troposphere through gravity waves and infrasonic waves to the region of the ionosphere (Borchevkina et al., 2021; Freeshah et al., 2020; Mohannakumar, 2008; Ogunsua et al., 2020; Sindelarova et al., 2009). These studies have unveiled the connections between the lower atmospheric layers and the ionosphere (troposphere‐stratosphere‐ionosphere coupling).…”

Statistical Relationship of Ionospheric Disturbances Caused by Typhoon Extinction on the Sea

“…The low‐frequency wave tend to propagate to a far place, while high‐frequency wave tend to propagate upward (Kong et al., 2017; Xiao, Hao, et al., 2006, Xiao, Zhang, & Xiao, 2006). Some theoretical calculations show that the AGW generate by strong meteorological activity can spread out in concentric circles and can affect the structure of the atmosphere (Borchevkina et al., 2021; Vadas & Azeem, 2021). This phenomenon has been confirmed by observation (Chou, Lin, Yue, Tsai, et al., 2017; Chou, Lin, Yue, Chang, et al., 2017).…”

Reactions of CH2OO, CH3CHOO, and (CH3)2COO with Methane through the Formation of Intermediate Complex

“…Methane can penetrate into the stratosphere via turbulent diffusion from the troposphere to the stratosphere and sequentially to the mesosphere and ionosphere during tropical hurricanes, thunderstorms, and volcanic eruptions [2,3]. This transport process can be significantly enhanced by the propagation of internal and acoustic gravity waves (IGWs and AGWs) [4][5][6]. In the polar latitudes, troposphere gases can also be transported to the upper atmospheric layers through the polar vortex [7].…”