DISTRIBUTION VOLUMES OF LABELLED RED BLOOD CELLS AND LABELLED PROTEIN AND “F CELLS” IN INTACT AND SPLENECTOMIZED HbA AND HbB TYPE SHEEP

Dooley, Philip Charles.; Morris, R. J. H.; Harris, L. R. J.

doi:10.1038/icb.1971.12

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The ovine venepuncture blood in Jikuya's study was collected from healthy barn bred sheep. Blood collection procedures are known to cause stress to sheep‐resulting in splenic contraction, unless the animals have been well socialized and allowed to get used to the procedure . The ovine venepuncture blood used in our study was sourced from Ig‐Innovations Ltd., a local company developing sheep‐derived polyclonal antibodies for human therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear Stress‐Induced Total Blood Trauma in Multiple Species

et al. 2017

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The common complications in heart failure patients with implanted ventricular assist devices (VADs) include hemolysis, thrombosis, and bleeding. These are linked to shear stress-induced trauma to erythrocytes, platelets, and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Novel device designs are being developed to reduce the blood trauma, which will need to undergo in vitro and in vivo preclinical testing in large animal models such as cattle, sheep, and pig. To fully understand the impact of device design and enable translation of preclinical results, it is important to identify any potential species-specific differences in the VAD-associated common complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shear stress on cells and proteins in bovine, ovine, and porcine blood compared to human. Blood from different species was subjected to various shear rates (0-8000/s) using a rheometer. It was then analyzed for complete blood counts, hemolysis by the Harboe assay, platelet activation by flow cytometry, vWF structure by immunoblotting, and function by collagen binding activity ELISA (vWF : CBA). Overall, increasing shear rate caused increased total blood trauma in all tested species. This analysis revealed species-specific differences in shear-induced hemolysis, platelet activation, and vWF structure and function. Compared to human blood, porcine blood was the most resilient and showed less hemolysis, similar blood counts, but less platelet activation and less vWF damage in response to shear. Compared to human blood, sheared bovine blood showed less hemolysis, similar blood cell counts, greater platelet activation, and similar degradation of vWF structure, but less impact on its activity in response to shear. The shear-induced effect on ovine blood depended on whether the blood was collected via gravity at the abattoir or by venepuncture from live sheep. Overall, ovine abattoir blood was the least resilient in response to shear and bovine blood was the most similar to human blood. These results lay the foundations for developing blood trauma evaluation standards to enable the extrapolation of in vitro and in vivo animal data to predict safety and biocompatibility of blood-handling medical devices in humans. We advise using ovine venepuncture blood instead of ovine abattoir blood due to the greater overall damage in the latter. We propose using bovine blood for total blood damage in vitro device evaluation but multiple species could be used to create a full understanding of the complication risk profile of new devices. Further, this study highlights that choice of antibody clone for evaluating platelet activation in bovine blood can influence the interpretation of results from different studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear Stress‐Induced Total Blood Trauma in Multiple Species

et al. 2017

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“…The blood volume of the lambs at this age (-3 months) is similar, as a percentage of bodyweight (61%), to that measured in adult intact sheep (Hodgetts 1961;Dooley et al 1971). The plasma volume (41.6 f 2.0 mL/ kg) is also in the range of that measured with [13II]-gamma globulin in intact adult sheep (Boyd 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

BLOOD VOLUME MEASUREMENTS IN THE NEONATAL LAMB: VALIDATION OF A METHOD USING [⁵¹Cr]‐LABELLED RED CELLS

Tangalakis

Wintour

1994

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. The reproducibility of blood volume measurements, using [51Cr]-labelled red blood cells (RBC) was tested in three lambs, 79-89 days of age, and the accuracy was tested in eight lambs, 83 +/- 0.4 days of age, in which blood volume was measured simultaneously by [51Cr]-RBC and [125I]-gamma globulin plus haematocrit (hct). 2. The blood volumes (mean +/- s.e.) of the three lambs, on four occasions, were 64.5 +/- 2.5, 68.8 +/- 2.9 and 63.9 +/- 3.7 mL/kg, respectively, and the coefficients of variation were 7.8, 8.6 and 11.6%, respectively. 3. The mean blood volume of eight lambs was 60.9 +/- 3.3 mL/kg by [51Cr]-RBC, and 60.8 +/- 2.4 mL/kg from plasma volume and hct. These were not statistically different. 4. Arterial hct was 31.2 +/- 0.5%, which was not statistically different from the whole body hct of 31.2 +/- 2.6%. 5. It is concluded that [51Cr]-RBC can be used to measure accurate and reproducible blood volumes in lambs.

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“…Theoretically, no differences in tracer loss would be expected. Much of the blood in the spleen consists of sequestered red blood cells stored at a high haematocrit, but the plasma pool exchanges rapidly with the rest of the circulating plasma (Dooley et al 1971).…”

Section: Intact Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plots of the concentration of tracer in plasma against time were peeled by a computer method into a series of exponential functions (Dooley et al 1971).…”

Section: Plasma Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Plasma Volume and Haematocrit in Intact and Splenectomized Sheep During Feeding

Dooley¹,

Williams²

1976

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Changes in jugular haematocrit during daily 2-h feeding periods in trained sheep with and without spleens were compared with changes in the concentration of the plasma tracer radio-iodinated human serum albumin. Jugular haematocrit was increased by 16 % in intact sheep and 9 % in splenectomized sheep 20 min after they started to eat dry rations.The dilution of tracer in plasma, studied after mixing in the vascular system had been completed, showed four phases. Phase 1 was the rate of removal of tracer in the period before eating began. Phase 2 was the sudden increase in plasma radioactivity that occurred in the first 20 min of eating, indicating a loss of plasma from the circulation. Phase 3 was the decrease in tracer concentration during the remaining feeding period and phase 4 was a post-feeding phase, characterized by a slower rate of decrease of tracer than during phase 3, implying that there was significant recycling of tracer during this phase.The sudden increase in plasma radioactivity, initiated by the onset of feeding, represented a reduction in plasma volume of 10-12 %. Minimum plasma volume coincided with peak haematocrit values. The reduced plasma volume accounted for the increased haematocrit in splenectomized sheep, but only accounted for about half of the increase in intact sheep. The residual increase in haematocrit in intact sheep was most likely the result of splenic contraction.

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DISTRIBUTION VOLUMES OF LABELLED RED BLOOD CELLS AND LABELLED PROTEIN AND “F CELLS” IN INTACT AND SPLENECTOMIZED HbA AND HbB TYPE SHEEP

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Shear Stress‐Induced Total Blood Trauma in Multiple Species

Shear Stress‐Induced Total Blood Trauma in Multiple Species

BLOOD VOLUME MEASUREMENTS IN THE NEONATAL LAMB: VALIDATION OF A METHOD USING [⁵¹Cr]‐LABELLED RED CELLS

Changes in Plasma Volume and Haematocrit in Intact and Splenectomized Sheep During Feeding

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DISTRIBUTION VOLUMES OF LABELLED RED BLOOD CELLS AND LABELLED PROTEIN AND “F CELLS” IN INTACT AND SPLENECTOMIZED HbA AND HbB TYPE SHEEP

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Shear Stress‐Induced Total Blood Trauma in Multiple Species

Shear Stress‐Induced Total Blood Trauma in Multiple Species

BLOOD VOLUME MEASUREMENTS IN THE NEONATAL LAMB: VALIDATION OF A METHOD USING [51Cr]‐LABELLED RED CELLS

Changes in Plasma Volume and Haematocrit in Intact and Splenectomized Sheep During Feeding

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BLOOD VOLUME MEASUREMENTS IN THE NEONATAL LAMB: VALIDATION OF A METHOD USING [⁵¹Cr]‐LABELLED RED CELLS