Distribution patterns of Neotropical primates (Platyrrhini) based on Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity

Abstract

AbstrActthe parsimony Analysis of endemicity (pAe) is a method of historical biogeography that is used for detecting and connecting areas of endemism. based on data on the distribution of neotropical primates, we constructed matrices using quadrats, interfluvial regions and pre-determinated areas of endemism described for avians as operative Geographic units (oGus). We codified the absence of a species from an oGu as 0 (zero) and its presence as 1 (one). A hypothetical area with a complete absence of primate species was used as outgroup to root the trees. All three analyses resulted in similar groupings of areas of endemism, which match the distribution of biomes in the neotropical region. one area includes central America and the extreme northwest of south America, other the Amazon basin, and another the Atlantic forest, caatinga, cerrado and chaco.

Amphibian Conservation in the Caatinga Biome and Semiarid Region of Brazil

“…2, 4; Q36 + Q39, Q34 +37, respectively); the Pernambuco center of faunal dispersal (Mü ller, 1973;Costa et al, 2000) comprises the Caruaru area of endemism (in the CAA; Q14 in Fig. Cracraft (1985) and Goldani et al (2006) proposed areas of endemism for the South American avifauna and for the Neotropical Platyrrhini (Primates), respectively, the former by the method of species-distribution congruence (Mü ller, 1973), and the latter by the Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity. Cracraft (1985) and Goldani et al (2006) proposed areas of endemism for the South American avifauna and for the Neotropical Platyrrhini (Primates), respectively, the former by the method of species-distribution congruence (Mü ller, 1973), and the latter by the Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity.…”

“…4). Goldani et al (2006) used different operational geographic units (OGUs: quadrats, river divisions, and areas determined previously by Cracraft, 1985). Goldani et al (2006) used different operational geographic units (OGUs: quadrats, river divisions, and areas determined previously by Cracraft, 1985).…”

Áreas De Endemismo De Los Mamíferos (Mammalia) Neotropicales

“…En otros esquemas se ha tratado la zoogeografía de los mamíferos para proponer un esquema biogeográfico de la región Neotropical (Hershkovitz, 1958), o se ha integrado a los mamíferos dentro de ensambles para identificar áreas de congruencia (Müller, 1973) o similitud geográfica y filogenética (Holt et al, 2013). En el Neotrópico se han descrito áreas de endemismo de mamíferos en la costa Atlántica Brasileña y la Amazonía (Costa et al, 2000;Goldani et al, 2006) así como en el sur de los Andes (Casagranda et al, 2009;Sandoval et al 2010), considerando unos pocos órdenes de mamíferos. Por otra parte, las propuestas de áreas de endemismo disponibles para la extensión total del Neotrópico han sido descritas a partir de patrones de aves (Cracraft, 1985;Haffer, 1985;da Silva et al, 2004), insectos (Löwenberg-Neto y de Carvalho, 2009) y peces (Ringuelet, 1975), que coinciden, por ejemplo, en dividir a la Amazonía en dos áreas (norte y sur) y considerar las montañas de los Andes y el Caribe Colombo-Venezolano como áreas de endemismo.…”

“…Algunos sistemas parciales de áreas de endemismo de mamíferos en el Neotrópico (Costa et al, 2000;Escalante et al, 2004;Goldani et al, 2006;Escalante et al, 2009;Sandoval et al, 2010;Olguín-Monroy et al, 2013) han sido propuestos sin considerar las extensiones totales de las distribuciones de los mamíferos neotropicales o sin abarcar el mayor número posible de especies. En otros casos se mencionan a los mamíferos endémicos sin ser el grupo biológico de interés (Cabrera y Willink, 1973;Morrone, 2001a).…”

Primate community of the tropical rain forests of Saracá-Taqüera National Forest, Pará, Brazil

“…The Amazon biome is one of the main biomes in Latin America (Goldani et al, 2006) and it is one of richest forests in terms of primate species in the world, with 15 of the 17 Neotropical primate genera represented (Rylands et al, 2000). Currently 86 species occur in this biome, 82 of which are endemic and 18 have restricted geographic distributions.…”