Distribution Patterns of Infection with Multiple Types of Human Papillomaviruses and Their Association with Risk Factors

Abstract

BackgroundInfection with multiple types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the main risk factors associated with the development of cervical lesions. In this study, cervical samples collected from 1,810 women with diverse sociocultural backgrounds, who attended to their cervical screening program in different geographical regions of Colombia, were examined for the presence of cervical lesions and HPV by Papanicolau testing and DNA PCR detection, respectively.Principal FindingsThe negative binomial distribution model used in this study showed differences between the observed and expected values within some risk factor categories analyzed. Particularly in the case of single infection and coinfection with more than 4 HPV types, observed frequencies were smaller than expected, while the number of women infected with 2 to 4 viral types were higher than expected. Data analysis according to a negative binomial regression showed an increase in the risk of acquiring more HPV types in women who were of indigenous ethnicity (+37.8%), while this risk decreased in women who had given birth more than 4 times (−31.1%), or were of mestizo (−24.6%) or black (−40.9%) ethnicity.ConclusionsAccording to a theoretical probability distribution, the observed number of women having either a single infection or more than 4 viral types was smaller than expected, while for those infected with 2–4 HPV types it was larger than expected. Taking into account that this study showed a higher HPV coinfection rate in the indigenous ethnicity, the role of underlying factors should be assessed in detail in future studies.

Risk factors for cervical cancer among young women

“…Some studies show that the very early age of sexual initiation is not an independent risk factor for cervical cancer [14,21] or the risk is slightly elevated (on the border of statistical significance [32]). Most of the work, however, significantly stresses the influence of early initiation of sexual activity with an HPV infection [13,15,17,35]. Our study confirms the relationship between the early start of sexual activity (under 16 years of age) and HPV infection.…”

“…An increased number of sexual partners is also connected with an increased risk of infection by more than one type of HPV. Soto-De Leon's research [15] and our own point to it (OR-9.5,p -0.046).…”

“…The most important risk factors for cervical cancer in young women are the early initiation of sexual life, multiple sexual partners and infection with human papilloma virus, often simultaneously with many of its types [13][14][15][16][17]. Confortini reports that almost 30% of women aged 18-24 years are infected with some type of human papilloma virus, while 19.3% are carriers of the oncogenic type [13].…”

Epidemiological Aspects of Morbidity and Mortality from Cervical Cancer in Kazakhstan

“…No data are available for Kazakhstan but globally variation in types has been shown with geographical region, histological type of lesion, ethnicity and even year of publication (Domingo et al, 2008;Ting et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011;Soto-De Leon et al, 2011). Regarding the Central and North-West Asian region, in Turkey, the overall frequency rate of HPV infection was demonstrated to be 6.1% (Ozcelik et al, 2003).…”

Conocimientos sobre el virus del papiloma humano y su vacuna en padres de familia de Rivera, Huila en el 2015

“…El Cáncer de Cuello Uterino (CCU) es el segundo cáncer más diagnosticado y la tercera causa de muerte por esta enfermedad en las mujeres de países menos desarrollados 1,2 . Colombia es uno de los países que reporta un descenso progresivo en las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad por CCU durante los últimos 40 años, pasando de 14 muertes por cada 100 000 en 1987 a 7 muertes por cada 100 000 mujeres al año en 2013 3,4 .…”