Distribution pattern of mirtazapine and normirtazapine in blood and CSF

Paulzen, Michael; Gründer, Gerhard; Tauber, Simone C.; Veselinović, Tanja; Hiemke, Christoph; Groppe, Sarah E.

doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3717-9

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For example, imipramine in CSF is approximately 10% of blood plasma levels in humans with major depressive disorder [33]. The calculated CSF-to-blood plasma ratio for venlafaxine is 0.74 [34], and the ratio for mirtazapine (bound and unbound faction) varies from 0.08 to 0.48 with a mean ± SD of 0.16 ± 0.11 [35]. For nortriptyline, the ratio is 0.091 ± 0.025 [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural cell adhesion molecule peptide mimetics modulate emotionality: pharmacokinetic and behavioral studies in rats and non-human primates

Turner

Lyons

Buckmaster

et al. 2018

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Recent evidence highlights the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family in emotion modulation. Although ligands that activate FGF receptors have antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in animal models, FGF ligands have a broad range of actions both in the brain and the periphery. Therefore, identifying molecular partners that may function as allosteric modulators could offer new avenues for drug development. Since neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) activates FGF receptors, we asked whether peripherally administered NCAM peptide mimetics penetrate the brain and alter the behavior of standardized tests that have predictive validity for drug treatments of anxiety or depression. The NCAM peptide mimetic, plannexin, acutely increased and chronically decreased anxiety, but did not have antidepressant effects in rats. Another NCAM peptide mimetic, FGL, had acute anxiogenic effects and chronic antidepressant effects in rats. A related NCAM peptide mimetic, FGL, had antidepressant effects without modulating anxiety-like behavior, and these antidepressant effects were blocked by an AMPA receptor antagonist. Cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of FGLs correlated with blood plasma levels in rats and non-human primates, and CSF-to-blood ratios of FGL were comparable in both species. Results indicate that NCAM peptide mimetics penetrate the brain and support the suggestion that FGL may be a candidate for further development as a novel treatment for major depressive disorder in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural cell adhesion molecule peptide mimetics modulate emotionality: pharmacokinetic and behavioral studies in rats and non-human primates

Turner

Lyons

Buckmaster

et al. 2018

Neuropsychopharmacol

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show abstract

“…MTZ's clinical response is monitored by both its blood level and its concentration in CSF. As a result, the concentration of a drug in CSF is used as a surrogate parameter for its concentration of in the brain's interstitial fluid and reflects its accessibility for its target areas [2] . MTZ poisoning is caused by an overdose of MTZ, either alone or in combination with other antipsychotic medications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the concentration of a drug in CSF is used as a surrogate parameter for its concentration of in the brain's interstitial fluid and reflects its accessibility for its target areas. [2] MTZ poisoning is caused by an overdose of MTZ, either alone or in combination with other antipsychotic medications. MTZ doses above 120 mg can cause tachycardia, hypertension, and drowsiness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Titanium Oxide Decorated Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyaniline as a Transducer Polymer for the Potentiometric Determination of Mirtazapine

Abdallah

2022

ChemistrySelect

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Recently, mortality linked to the intake of the antidepressant mirtazapine (MTZ) together with other drugs has been recently detected, and measuring the MTZ concentration in biological fluids has become crucial. The proposed electrode is thought to be the first potentiometric carbon paste electrode for quantifying MTZ in various biological matrices. It is based on the covalent polymerization of the aniline monomers onto the surface of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) /TiO 2 nanocomposite to be applied as an ion-to-electron transducer element with 18-crown-6-ether as a recognition element. The MWCNTs/TiO 2 /Polyaniline (PANI) composite was characterized by XRD and FT-IR. The electrode demonstrated a wide linearity range of 1 × 10 À 7 M to 1 × 10 À 2 M with a Nernstian slope of 59.76 � 1.55 mV/concentration decade and a LOD of 3.2 × 10 À 8 M. It was successfully applied for the determination of MTZ in spiked plasma, urine, and artificial cerebrospinal fluid without any significant interference from matrix components, with average recovery, ranged from 97.91 % to 99.31 %.

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Antivirals against human polyomaviruses: Leaving no stone unturned

Hirsch

2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) encompass more than 10 species infecting 30%-90% of the human population without significant illness. Proven HPyV diseases with documented histopathology affect primarily immunocompromised hosts with manifestations in brain, skin and renourinary tract such as polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN), polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis (PyVHC), polyomavirus-associated urothelial cancer (PyVUC), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) and pruritic hyperproliferative keratinopathy. Although virus-specific immune control is the eventual goal of therapy and lasting cure, antiviral treatments are urgently needed in order to reduce or prevent HPyV diseases and thereby bridging the time needed to establish virus-specific immunity. However, the small dsDNA genome of only 5 kb of the non-enveloped HPyVs only encodes 5-7 viral proteins. Thus, HPyV replication relies heavily on host cell factors, thereby limiting both, number and type of specific virus-encoded antiviral targets. Lack of cost-effective high-throughput screening systems and relevant small animal models complicates the preclinical development. Current clinical studies are limited by small case

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Distribution pattern of mirtazapine and normirtazapine in blood and CSF

Abstract: Findings indicate a good ability of mirtazapine and normirtazapine to overcome the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and suggest a high ability to enter the brain with sufficient drug levels at the target sites within the brain contributing to clinical efficacy.

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Neural cell adhesion molecule peptide mimetics modulate emotionality: pharmacokinetic and behavioral studies in rats and non-human primates

Neural cell adhesion molecule peptide mimetics modulate emotionality: pharmacokinetic and behavioral studies in rats and non-human primates

Application of Titanium Oxide Decorated Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyaniline as a Transducer Polymer for the Potentiometric Determination of Mirtazapine

Antivirals against human polyomaviruses: Leaving no stone unturned

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