“…Since the discovery in 1989, PACAP has been an object of intense anatomical, physiological and pharmacological studies. Using immunohistochemical and radioimmunoassay techniques, the expression of PACAP and its receptors has been found in numerous mammalian tissues including neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system (Masuo et al 1991, Ghatei et al 1993, Csati et al 2012, Rytel et al 2014 as well as enteric Liu 2001, Miampamba et al 2002) and intramural ganglia of the pancreas (Hannibal and Fahrenkrug 2000) and heart (Girard et al 2007). At the central level, PACAP may exert a variety of functions like modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary hormones release (Kanasaki et al 2015), food consumption and water drinking (Puig de Parada et al 1995, Mounien et al 2009), neuronal differentiation, neuroprotection (Manecka et al 2013) and many more, whereas its role at the periphery is relatively less understood.…”