Distribution of the blood flow supplied by the vertebral artery in rats: Anatomical, functional and pharmacological aspects

Wellens, D; Wouters, L; Nijkamp, Frans P.; Jong, W. De

doi:10.1007/bf01932637

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Lastly, mitochondria actually become oxidized chemic do not exhibit brainstem pathologic changes (29). Using rather than reduced during the course of hypoxia-ischemia in a methylmethacrylate infusion to produce vascular casts, Wellens the immature rat, suggesting that a of substrate availet al, (30) found that the predominant source of blood flow to ability produce reducing equivalents for energy production is the brainstem of rodents is derived from the paired internal a major contributor to the genesis of brain damage (50). Accordcarotid arteries rather than from the vertebro-basilar arterial ingly, any in substrate afforded by insystem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Insulin-Induced and Fasting Hypoglycemia on Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage

et al. 1992

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Insulin-Induced and Fasting Hypoglycemia on Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage

et al. 1992

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“…Furthermore, although internal carotid¯ow and conductance increased during infusion of MgSO 4 , we could not be certain that the changes we measured were a re¯ection of changes only in the cerebral vascular bed. In addition, any change in brain blood¯ow due to variation in vertebral arterial haemodynamics would not have been detected, although Wellers et al (1976) demonstrated that, in anaesthetized rats, blood¯ow through the right vertebral artery was mainly distributed extracranially. For these various reasons we were interested in investigating the subregional changes in haemodynamics in response to MgSO 4 in more detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effects of endothelin‐1 and magnesium sulphate on regional blood flows in conscious rats, by the coloured microsphere reference technique

Kemp

Gardiner

March

et al. 1999

British J Pharmacology

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1 There is evidence to suggest that magnesium (Mg 2+ ) is bene®cial in the treatment of a number of conditions, including pre-eclampsia and acute myocardial infarction. The mode of action of Mg 2+ in these conditions is not clear, although the vasodilator properties of Mg 2+ are well documented both in vitro and in vivo. 2 Previously, we demonstrated that i.v. infusion of magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) alone, or in the presence of vasoconstrictors, caused increases in¯ow and conductance in the common carotid, internal carotid and hindquarters vascular beds, in conscious rats. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the regional and subregional changes in haemodynamics in response to the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) and MgSO 4 in more detail, using the coloured microsphere reference technique. 3 Infusion of ET-1 and MgSO 4 had similar e ects on heart rate and mean arterial pressure as in our previous study. Infusion of ET-1 caused a rise in mean arterial pressure and a fall in heart rate, and infusion of MgSO 4 returned mean arterial pressure to control levels with no e ect on heart rate. 4 The responses to MgSO 4 in the presence of ET-1 showed considerable regional heterogeneity with blood¯ow increasing (e.g. skeletal muscle), decreasing (e.g. stomach) or not changing (e.g. kidney). Of particular interest was the ®nding that MgSO 4 caused increases in¯ow in the cerebral and coronary vascular beds. 5 This, and our previous studies, have shown that MgSO 4 can reverse vasoconstriction in a number of vascular beds, and indicate that this compound may have therapeutic bene®t in conditions associated with vasospasm.

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“…This is an important hemodynamic feature when considering ischemic events, such as unilateral occlusion of the vertebral artery which causes symptoms on the contralateral side, 1 as well as determining which vertebral artery causes embolic occlusion. Although the distribution of the blood flow supplied by one vertebral artery has been studied in experimental animals, using radiopaque, dye infusion or radioactive microsphere injection, 2 " 4 it has never been investigated in humans. Vertebral angiographic studies have shown that one vertebral artery supplies the ipsilateral brain stem, cerebellum and occipital lobe, however, occasionally the contralateral side is more opacified than the ipsilateral side.…”

Section: One Of the Unique Features Of Verte-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though overlapping was observed in four out of five patients (No 1 , 3 , 4 , and 5) (tables 2, 3), the extent was variable (figs. 2,3).…”

Section: Overlapping Of Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of the blood flow supplied by the vertebral artery in humans as assessed by emission CT.

Taki¹,

Handa²,

Higa³

et al. 1984

Stroke

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SUMMARY Though unilateral blood distribution of the vertebral artery has not been studied hi humans, it is significant when considering the ischemic events especially embolic occlusion in vertebrobasilar system. To clarify the blood distribution, Krypton-81m was continuously infused into the vertebral arteries of 10 patients. Radioactivity was recorded by a rotating gamma camera. The perfusion images, reconstructed by computer in the transaxial plane, were classified according to whether the distribution was equal, or predominantly unilateral. Overlapping of blood supply from each vertebral artery was studied. In addition, the perfusion from one of the vertebral arteries revealed four distribution patterns with respect to laterality. A) ipsilateral; B) contralateral; C) bilateral; D) mosaic. Images obtained following perfusion of the vertebral artery show less uniformity compared to that of the internal carotid artery, suggesting a complicated vascular supply of the vertebral basilar territory. This complex distribution can be classified by the use of continuous infusion of Krypton-81m.

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Distribution of the blood flow supplied by the vertebral artery in rats: Anatomical, functional and pharmacological aspects

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Insulin-Induced and Fasting Hypoglycemia on Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage

Effect of Insulin-Induced and Fasting Hypoglycemia on Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage

Assessment of the effects of endothelin‐1 and magnesium sulphate on regional blood flows in conscious rats, by the coloured microsphere reference technique

Distribution of the blood flow supplied by the vertebral artery in humans as assessed by emission CT.

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