Distribution of tetrodotoxin in the body of the blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa)

Yotsu‐Yamashita, Mari; Mebs, Dietrich; Flachsenberger, W.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.10.008

Cited by 62 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Matsui et al 1982;Matsumura 1996;Noguchi et al 2006;Saito et al 1984). However, the TTX levels found in adult H. lunulata from this area (Bali, Indonesia) are comparable to levels found in other species of the genus (Williams and Caldwell 2009;Yotsu-Yamashita et al 2007). Also, TTX stores increase in developing embryos of H. lunulata in captivity after eggs have been laid but before hatching, suggesting that the mechanism of TTX production remains intact (Williams et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Chemical defense in pelagic octopus paralarvae: Tetrodotoxin alone does not protect individual paralarvae of the greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata) from common reef predators

et al. 2011

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Some pelagic marine larvae possess anti-predator chemical defenses. Occasionally, toxic adults imbue their young with their own defensive cocktails. We examined paralarvae of the greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata) for the deadly neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX), and if present, whether TTX conferred protection to individual paralarvae. Paralarvae of H. lunulata possessed 150 ± 17 ng TTX each. These paralarvae appeared distasteful to a variety of fish and stomatopod predators, yet food items spiked with 200 ng TTX were readily consumed by predators. We conclude that TTX alone does not confer individual protection to paralarvae of H. lunulata, and that they possess an alternative defense. In larger doses, tetrodotoxin is a deterrent to the predatory stomatopod Haptosquilla trispinosa (mean dose = 3.97 lg/g). This corresponds to 12-13 paralarvae per predator based on the TTX levels of the clutch we examined. Thus, the basic assumption that individual paralarvae of H. lunulata are defended by TTX alone was disproved. Instead, functionality of TTX levels in paralarvae may arise through alternative selective pathways, such as deterrence to parasites, through kin selection, or against predator species not tested here.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Chemical defense in pelagic octopus paralarvae: Tetrodotoxin alone does not protect individual paralarvae of the greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata) from common reef predators

et al. 2011

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“…Grisley et al, 1996). Since PSTs were found in salivary glands one can speculate whether PSTs are used for prey capture, as has been found for tetrodotoxin in the blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa) (Hwang et al, 1989;Yotsu-Yamashita et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Distribution and selective elimination of paralytic shellfish toxins in different tissues of Octopus vulgaris

Monteiro

Costa

2011

Harmful Algae

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“…TTX was also found commonly in various types of animal including the California newt [5], the goby [6], the gastropod mollusks [7], the xanthid crab [8], and the blue-ringed octopus [9]. TTX inhibits the initiation and conduction of potential action by selectively blocking sodium channels on the nerve and muscle membrane at extremely low concentrations [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the Potential Inactivation of Tetrodotoxin by Lactic Acid Bacterial Exopolysaccharide

Dat

Canh

et al. 2018

Toxins

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Screening for compounds that can neutralize the toxicity of tetrodotoxin (TTX) or reduce its negative effects is necessary. Our study tested the TTX detoxification capacity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) extracted from lactic acid bacteria. EPS of Leuconostoc mesenteroides N3 isolated from the Vung Tau sea (Vietnam), Lactobacillus plantarum PN05, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus PN04 were used in the study. To more completely evaluate the importance of EPS in detoxification, EPS samples of Leuconostoc mesenteroides N3, Lactobacillus plantarum PN05 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus PN04 were also tested. The majority of EPS of these bacteria contained glucose; this was observed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. As observed with FTIR analysis, only EPS of Lactobacillus plantarum PN05 contained methyl groups. The results indicated that detoxification of TTX in mice could be obtained at an optimal dose of 248 µg EPS from Leuconostoc mesenteroides incubated with 54 µg cuprous oxide for 40 min or 148 µg EPS Lactobacillus rhamnosus incubated with 55 µg cuprous oxide for 40 min, while EPS from Lactobacillus plantarum showed TTX detoxification capacity without cuprous oxide combination. Consequently, EPS from Lactobacillus plantarum PN05 can be used in TTX prevention. This is the first report on the importance of lactic acid bacteria in TTX detoxification.

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Distribution of tetrodotoxin in the body of the blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa)

Cited by 62 publications

References 11 publications

Chemical defense in pelagic octopus paralarvae: Tetrodotoxin alone does not protect individual paralarvae of the greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata) from common reef predators

Chemical defense in pelagic octopus paralarvae: Tetrodotoxin alone does not protect individual paralarvae of the greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata) from common reef predators

Distribution and selective elimination of paralytic shellfish toxins in different tissues of Octopus vulgaris

Detection of the Potential Inactivation of Tetrodotoxin by Lactic Acid Bacterial Exopolysaccharide

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