Distribution and selective elimination of paralytic shellfish toxins in different tissues of Octopus vulgaris

Monteiro, Ana; Costa, Pedro Reis

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2011.06.004

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Interestingly, the octopus, which also plays a central position in the marine food web, has been found to accumulate high levels of these two PSTs in the digestive gland (Monteiro and Costa 2011). Selective elimination of these toxins with higher elimination of B1 and retention of dcSTX were suggested for octopus (Monteiro and Costa 2011). The present study, together with those cited above, shows the importance and prevalence of dcSTX and B1 in the marine food web after blooms of G. catenatum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Moreover, these toxins may be the result of inter-conversion of PSTs . Interestingly, the octopus, which also plays a central position in the marine food web, has been found to accumulate high levels of these two PSTs in the digestive gland (Monteiro and Costa 2011). Selective elimination of these toxins with higher elimination of B1 and retention of dcSTX were suggested for octopus (Monteiro and Costa 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paralytic shellfish toxins in the Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) over a bloom of Gymnodinium catenatum: the prevalence of decarbamoylsaxitoxin in the marine food web

Lage¹,

Costa²

2013

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: This study reports the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) over a bloom of the toxigenic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum. High levels of toxins, up to 4800 µg STXeq kg -1 , were registered at the peak of the bloom (5.0 10 3 cells l -1 ). The suite of individual PSTs was examined. Decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) and B1 constituted nearly 90% of toxins (on a molar basis) determined in mackerel. This profile of toxins markedly differs from the known profile of toxins produced by G. catenatum strains isolated from the Portuguese coast, which is dominated by N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins, in particular the C1+2 toxins. The prevalence of the potent dcSTX in the pelagic environment and its transfer through the marine food web is highlighted in this study. Atlantic horse mackerel is identified as a high potential vector of PSTs along the Portuguese coast. This fish species has a central position in the marine food web, being an important predator of zooplankton and at the same time an important diet item of top predators. This study reveals bioaccumulation values that are important for evaluating potential impacts of blooms of PST-producing dinoflagellates on marine ecosystems or their components, such as fish.Keywords: marine toxins, saxitoxin, pelagic fish, phycotoxins, harmful algal blooms. RESUMEN: Determinación De toxinas paralizantes en el jurel (Trachurus Trachurus) Durante una proliferación De Gymnodinium caTenaTum: la prevalencia De Decarbamoilsaxitoxina en la reD trófica marina. -Este estudio reporta la acumulación de toxinas paralizantes de molusco (PSP) en las muestras de jurel (Trachurus trachurus) durante una proliferación do dinoflagelado Gymnodinium catenatum. Los altos niveles de toxinas PSP, alcanzando un valor máximo de 4800 µg STXeq kg -1 , se determinaron en el pico de la proliferación (5.0 10 3 células l -1 ). El perfil de toxinas se examinó y se reveló que los compuestos dcSTX y B1constintuían casi 90% de las toxinas (en base molar) encontrados en las muestras de jurel. Este perfil difiere claramente del perfil de toxinas conocido en cepas de G. catenatum aisladas de la costa portuguesa, que está dominado por toxinas N-sulfocarbamoyl, en particular las toxinas C1+2. Este trabajo muestra la prevalencia de dcSTX el ambiente pelágico y la transferencia de este compuesto a través de la cadena alimentaria. El jurel se identifica como un potencial vector de las toxinas PSP a lo largo de la costa portuguesa. Esta especie de pez tiene una posición central en la cadena alimentaria marina, siendo un importante depredador de zooplancton y, al mismo tiempo un elemento importante de la dieta de los depredadores superiores. Este estudio contribuye con valores ecológicos relevantes para evaluar los potenciales impactos de las proliferaciones de dinoflagelados productores de PST en los ecosistemas marinos o sus componentes, como los peces.Palabras clave: toxinas marinas, saxitoxina, peces pelágicos, ficotoxinas, proliferacions de algas nocivas. S...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paralytic shellfish toxins in the Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) over a bloom of Gymnodinium catenatum: the prevalence of decarbamoylsaxitoxin in the marine food web

Lage¹,

Costa²

2013

Sci. Mar.

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“…5) [44,45,46,57] (Table 1). As with DA, PSTs accumulated to the greatest extent in DG >> kidneys > stomach > branchial hearts > posterior salivary glands > gills of O. vulgaris (Figure 11).…”

Section: Hab-toxins In Cephalopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with DA, PSTs accumulated to the greatest extent in DG >> kidneys > stomach > branchial hearts > posterior salivary glands > gills of O. vulgaris (Figure 11). Toxin concentrations, in terms of saxitoxin equivalents, ranged from 390 to 2680 μg STX equivalents kg −1 in the DG; from 44 to 390 μg STX equivalents kg −1 in the kidneys; from 21 to 210 μg STX equivalents kg −1 in the stomach, from 14 to 140 μg STX equivalents kg −1 in salivary glands and from not detected to 180 μg STX equivalents kg −1 in branchial hearts [45]. …”

Section: Hab-toxins In Cephalopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cephalopods as Vectors of Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Marine Food Webs

Lopes

Costa

et al. 2013

Marine Drugs

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Here we summarize the current knowledge on the transfer and accumulation of harmful algal bloom (HAB)-related toxins in cephalopods (octopods, cuttlefishes and squids). These mollusks have been reported to accumulate several HAB-toxins, namely domoic acid (DA, and its isomers), saxitoxin (and its derivatives) and palytoxin (and palytoxin-like compounds) and, therefore, act as HAB-toxin vectors in marine food webs. Coastal octopods and cuttlefishes store considerably high levels of DA (amnesic shellfish toxin) in several tissues, but mainly in the digestive gland (DG)—the primary site of digestive absorption and intracellular digestion. Studies on the sub-cellular partitioning of DA in the soluble and insoluble fractions showed that nearly all DA (92.6%) is found in the cytosol. This favors the trophic transfer of the toxins since cytosolic substances can be absorbed by predators with greater efficiency. The available information on the accumulation and tissue distribution of DA in squids (e.g., in stranded Humboldt squids, Dosidicus gigas) is scarcer than in other cephalopod groups. Regarding paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), these organisms accumulate them at the greatest extent in DG >> kidneys > stomach > branchial hearts > posterior salivary glands > gills. Palytoxins are among the most toxic molecules identified and stranded octopods revealed high contamination levels, with ovatoxin (a palytoxin analogue) reaching 971 μg kg−1 and palytoxin reaching 115 μg kg−1 (the regulatory limit for PlTXs is 30 μg kg−1 in shellfish). Although the impacts of HAB-toxins in cephalopod physiology are not as well understood as in fish species, similar effects are expected since they possess a complex nervous system and highly developed brain comparable to that of the vertebrates. Compared to bivalves, cephalopods represent a lower risk of shellfish poisoning in humans, since they are usually consumed eviscerated, with exception of traditional dishes from the Mediterranean area.

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“…The occurrence of Tropites might also have been 1316 influenced by HAB, but again, this is speculation. Many 1317 groups of modern cephalopods (e.g., cuttlefishes, squids, 1318 and octopods) are known to accumulate HAB toxins and 1319 act as vectors in modern food webs (Robertson et al 2004;1320Costa et al 2005Bargu et al 2008;Monteiro andCosta 1321 2011;Lopes et al 2013), but no data are available on living 1322 Nautilus. Literature regarding a possible algal blooming 1323 influence on fossil cephalopods is also quite meager, con-1324 sisting only of a report of mass mortality of Jurassic 1325 coleoidea (Wilby et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carnian/Norian boundary succession at Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park (Upper Triassic, central Nevada, USA)

et al. 2014

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Distribution and selective elimination of paralytic shellfish toxins in different tissues of Octopus vulgaris

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Paralytic shellfish toxins in the Atlantic horse mackerel (<i>Trachurus trachurus</i>) over a bloom of <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i>: the prevalence of decarbamoylsaxitoxin in the marine food web

Paralytic shellfish toxins in the Atlantic horse mackerel (<i>Trachurus trachurus</i>) over a bloom of <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i>: the prevalence of decarbamoylsaxitoxin in the marine food web

Cephalopods as Vectors of Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Marine Food Webs

The Carnian/Norian boundary succession at Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park (Upper Triassic, central Nevada, USA)

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