Distribution of subcutaneous fat and muscle thicknesses in young and middle-aged women

Ishida, Yoshie; Kanehisa, Hiroaki; Carroll, J.F.; Pollock, M. L.; Graves, J. E.; Ganzarella, L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1997)9:2<247::aid-ajhb11>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, the previous studies cited here determined the cross-sectional area of only limited muscle groups located in limbs or else the muscle mass of either limb or total body. To our knowledge, only three studies (Ishida, et al, 1997;Miyatani, et al, 2003;Reimers, et al, 1998) have given attention to the site-related difference, i.e., anterior versus posterior sites within the same body segment, in muscle loss with aging. From the limited information, the age-related loss of muscle thickness differs between body segments and between sites within the same segment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Miyatani et al (2003) observed a higher relative loss in Mt at the abdomen as compared to those at limb sites through a comparison between young and elderly men. In addition, the fi ndings of Ishida et al (1997) indicated that the relative difference between young and middle-aged women in Mt at the abdomen was greater as compared to that at other sites. Again, a prior study reported that the percentage of Mt at the abdomen in elderly group to that in younger group was similar for men (68%) and women (65%) (Kanehisa, et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the limited information, the age-related loss of muscle thickness differs between body segments and between sites within the same segment. In the two of the three studies, however, the subjects examined were only men (Miyatani, et al, 2003) or women (Ishida, et al, 1997). In the other study (Reimers, et al, 1998), both genders were used as subjects, but muscles examined were limited to those located in limbs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effects of Gender on Age-related Changes in Muscle Thickness in the Elderly

Kanehisa

Ishiguro

Takeshita

et al. 2006

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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This study investigated the effect of gender on age-related changes in muscle thickness (Mt) in the elderly, with relation to the differences due to the location of muscle groups. Mt values at the forearm, upper arm anterior and posterior, abdomen, subscapular, thigh anterior and posterior, and lower leg anterior and posterior were determined using ultrasonography in 188 men and 204 women aged 65 to 79 yrs. The men had thicker muscles than the women, with a greater relative difference in the upper limb and trunk compared to the lower limb muscles. For the men, Mt values at the upper limb, thigh and abdomen were negatively correlated to age (r=-0.330 to -0.214, p<0.05). For the women, only the Mt at the thigh anterior showed a signifi cant negative correlation with age (r=-0.346, p<0.05). At the thigh anterior, there was no signifi cant difference between both genders in the slope of the regression line for the relationship between age and percentages of Mt to the mean value for the subjects aged 65 to 69 yrs of men and women, respectively, suggesting that the rate of the age-related loss of Mt at this site was independent of gender. These results were the same even when Mt was expressed as the value relative to (body mass) 1/3 , calculated to normalize the infl uence of the difference in body mass. The fi ndings obtained here indicated that, in an age span from 65 to 79 yrs, 1) gender difference in muscle thickness was more apparent in the upper limb and trunk than in the lower limb muscles, and 2) men showed signifi cant age-related losses in muscle thickness at more body sites as compared to women, especially at the upper limb and abdomen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effects of Gender on Age-related Changes in Muscle Thickness in the Elderly

Kanehisa

Ishiguro

Takeshita

et al. 2006

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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“…In addition, previous studies measuring the muscle thickness of the rectus abdominis have provided evidence indicating that abdominal muscularity is susceptible to aging (Ishida et al, 1997;Miyatani et al, 2003;Kanehisa et al, 2004). At the start of this study, therefore, it was expected that a significant difference in abdominal muscularity would be found between the middle-aged and young men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As a result of a cross-sectional observation, Janssen et al (2000) observed a reduction in whole body skeletal muscle mass after the middle 40 s. In addition, cross-sectional observations on muscle thickness (Ishida et al, 1997;Miyatani et al, 2003;Kanehisa et al, 2004) have shown that the rectus abdominus is susceptible to aging as compared to those in other parts of the body. Considering these findings, it may be assumed that an increase in the abdominal fat in middle-aged men will be followed by a reduction of muscularity in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in Abdominal Muscularity at the Umbilicus Level between Young and Middle-aged Men

Tanaka

Yamada²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2007

J Physiol Anthropol

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This study aimed to examine how the muscularity of the abdomen at the umbilicus level differs between sedentary middle-aged and young men. Magnetic resonance imaging was applied to determine the cross-sectional areas of skeletal muscle, subcutaneous fat, and interperitoneal tissue in 43 middle-aged (40-58 yrs) and 38 young (21-29 yrs) men. The cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle was analyzed as the sum of those of the rectus abdominis, abdominal oblique, lower back, and iliopsoas skeletal muscle groups. The middleaged men showed greater waist circumference and whole abdominal cross-sectional area than the young men. In addition, the cross-sectional areas of subcutaneous fat and interperitoneal tissue were greater in the middle-aged men than in the young men. However, the total cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle was similar between the two groups, although its percentage to the whole abdominal cross-sectional area was higher in the young men compared to the middle-aged men. Among the four skeletal muscle groups analyzed, the percentage of the cross-sectional areas in abdominal oblique muscles to that of total skeletal muscle was higher in the middle-aged men than in the young men and that of the lower back muscles was the reverse. These results were similar even when cross-sectional area data were analyzed using a subsample (33 middle-aged and 23 young men) matched for body height and mass. Thus, the present study indicated that the total muscularity of the abdomen at the umbilicus level was similar between the middle-aged and young men, but the relative distributions of lower back and abdominal oblique muscles varied between the two generations.

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Influences of age and sex on abdominal muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness

Kanehisa

Miyatani

Azuma

et al. 2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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This study aimed to investigate the influences of age and sex on the thickness of the rectus abdominis muscle and subcutaneous fat at the abdomen. The two tissue thickness values were determined using ultrasonography in a total of 194 young (20-29 years) and elderly (70-79 years) persons of both genders. In both sexes, the elderly groups showed significantly thinner muscle and thicker fat than the younger groups. The percentage of the mean value of subcutaneous fat thickness in the elderly group compared to that in the younger group was higher in the women (176%) than in the men (128%), but the corresponding value of muscle thickness was similar between men (68%) and women (65%). In both generations, the women had significantly thinner muscle and thicker fat than the men. The percentage of the mean value of subcutaneous fat thickness in the women compared to that in the men was higher in the elderly group (169%) than in the younger group (123%), but the corresponding value of muscle thickness was similar between the younger (80%) and elderly (77%) groups. In every group, subcutaneous fat thickness significantly correlated with waist circumference, but muscle thickness did not. The findings here indicated that: (1). aging was associated with a decrease of muscle thickness and an increase of subcutaneous fat at the abdomen in men and women, with a similar relative loss of muscle thickness in both genders and a greater increase of subcutaneous fat thickness in women than in men, and (2). subcutaneous fat rather than muscle thickness reflected waist circumference, regardless of age and gender.

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Distribution of subcutaneous fat and muscle thicknesses in young and middle-aged women

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of Gender on Age-related Changes in Muscle Thickness in the Elderly

Effects of Gender on Age-related Changes in Muscle Thickness in the Elderly

Difference in Abdominal Muscularity at the Umbilicus Level between Young and Middle-aged Men

Influences of age and sex on abdominal muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness

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