Influences of age and sex on abdominal muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness

Kanehisa, Hiroaki; Miyatani, Masae; Azuma, Kotaro; Kuno, Shinya; Fukunaga, Tetsuo

doi:10.1007/s00421-003-1034-9

Cited by 92 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The difference can simply be explained on the basis of masculinity in the post-pubertal development of male subjects as opposed to postpubertal feminization in the females. This possible sexual difference has also been reported by Kanehisha et al [32] for abdominal muscles and the findings in this study are in consonance with their report. Accordingly, the MCC of males was significantly higher than those of females (See Table 7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This disparity could be attributed to the possibility that in females, the listed anthropometric variables have more influence on the structural disposition of the tricep surae complex while such influence is not perceived in the males possibly because of the masculinity of exercises they are exposed to in their day to day living. Chow et al [29] earlier described gender variability in the gastrocnemus and Soleus complex and Miller et al [30]; Kanehisha et al [31] and Kanehisa et al [32] described sexual differences in the size, length and degree of force generation indicating sexual dimorphism and by extension, sexual variability in the myoanthropometric relations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Calf Muscle (Triceps Surae Complex) Thickness in an Adult Nigerian Population: An Imaging Based Normographic Study

et al. 2013

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Objective: The thickness of the triceps surae muscle complex was assessed by ultrasound in a young adult Nigerian population. Its relationship with some anthropometric variables and sexual dimorphism was also assessed. Subjects and Methods:Sixty young adults (30 males and 30 females) between the ages of 19 and 30 years were recruited for the study. Anthropometric protocols for height, weight, foot length (FL) lower leg length (LLL) and mid calf circumference (MCC) were observed. Results:Results show that the mean thickness of the calf muscle complex (CMT) was 81.65 ± 8.92 mm for all the subjects; 83.70 ± 8.73 mm for males; 79.95 ± 8.56 mm for females. The mean mid calf circumference (MCC) was 35.26 ± 2.61 cm for all subjects; 36.41 ± 3.56 cm for males; 34.10 ± 3.33 cm for females. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that CMT correlated positively with height, weight, BMI and BSA in the sample subjects. However, such correlations were not observed among the male subjects. MCC also correlated with some anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI, BSA, FL) measured. Conclusion:The findings from this study will form the bases for further research on relationships of the calf muscle complex. It also indicates that males have thicker Calf muscles and CMT has a positive relationship with height, weight, BMI and BSA especially among the female subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calf Muscle (Triceps Surae Complex) Thickness in an Adult Nigerian Population: An Imaging Based Normographic Study

et al. 2013

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“…Many investigators have shown that muscle strength (Gleeson et al, 1990;Peterson et al, 1991;Blain et al, 2001;Sinaki et al, 2002) and muscle mass (Pluijm et al, 2001;Szulc et al, 2005;Walsh et al, 2006) are associated with site-matched bone mineral indices, that is, BMD or bone mineral content (BMC). The greater rates of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass (SM mass) occur in the legs and lower trunk regions, while only moderate losses occur in the upper trunk and arm regions (Reimers et al, 1998;Kanehisa et al, 2004). These regions correspond to the segments where fractures occur frequently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle mass and bone mineral indices: does the normalized bone mineral content differ with age?

et al. 2008

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Objective: To investigate the relationships between regional skeletal muscle mass (SM mass) and bone mineral indices and to examine whether bone mineral content (BMC) normalized to SM mass shows a similar decrease with age in young through old age. Subjects/Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight young and postmenopausal women aged 20-76 years participated in this study and were divided into three groups: 61 young women, 49 middle-aged postmenopausal women and 28 older postmenopausal women. Muscle thickness (MTH) was determined by ultrasound, and regional SM mass (arm, trunk and leg) was estimated based on nine sites of MTH. Whole-body and regional lean soft tissue mass (LSTM), bone mineral density (BMD) and BMC (whole body, arms, legs and lumbar spine) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Ultrasound spectroscopy indicated that SM mass is significantly correlated with site-matched regional bone mineral indices and these relationships correspond to LSTM. The BMC and BMD in older women were significantly lower than those in middle-aged women. When BMC was normalized to site-matched regional SM mass, BMC normalized to SM mass in arm and trunk region were significantly different with age; however, whole-body and leg BMC normalized to SM mass showed no significant difference between middle-aged and older postmenopausal women. Conclusions: The age-related differences in BMC were found to be independent of the ageing of SM mass in the arm and trunk region. However, differences in BMC measures of the leg and whole body were found to correspond to age-related decline of SM mass in postmenopausal women.

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“…In this study, resistance exercise training was not considered part of the exercise program; therefore, it is inferred that the results did not relate to improvement in muscular power. Sit-ups have been suggested as an indicator of muscle endurance, which is known to decrease with age and muscle strength [14,15]. Murata et al [16] reported that subjects who cannot perform sit-ups were significantly inferior in sitting trunk flexion to those who can do it even in the healthy elderly.…”

Section: Comparison With Standard Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-and Gender-related Differences in Physical Functions of the Elderly following 1-year Regular Exercise Therapy: Comparison with Standard Values

Sugimoto¹,

Demura²,

Nagasawa³

2014

AJSSM

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Only limited data are available regarding the physical functions of elderly patients during the maintenance period after suffering from cardiac or other serious diseases. This study aimed to clarify age-and gender-related differences in the elderly physical functions by mainly comparing data from elderly subjects during the maintenance period with nationwide physical fitness data of healthy elderly subjects collected by the Japanese Ministry of Education. One hundred and sixty-seven elderly individuals who participated in a regular exercise therapy program twice a week participated in this study. Grip strength, 10-m obstacle walking time, one-legged balance with eyes open, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, and 6-min walking were selected as the physical function tests. In the gender and age groups considered, compared with the standard value, grip strength, sit-ups, and sitting trunk flexion were lower; 10-m obstacle walking time was similar or higher; and 6-min walking data were similar. Onelegged balance with eyes open was lower in subjects, except for males in the young elderly group. Grip strength was significantly higher in females than in males; however, the results from the 10-m obstacle walking time, one-legged balance with eyes open, sit-ups, and 6-min walking tests did not show any significant difference between genders. The young old elderly groups performed better in all tests, except for sit-ups and one-legged balance with eyes open (females), in both genders compared with the old elderly groups. In conclusion, during the maintenance period, the elderly subjects who participated in group sports and exercise therapy performed similarly or better in the 10-m obstacle walking time and 6-min walking tests than the healthy elderly individuals of the same age group; however, they performed worse in grip strength, sit-ups, and sitting trunk flexion. However, our results suggest that the effect of performing sports and exercise therapy may differ between genders.

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Influences of age and sex on abdominal muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness

Cited by 92 publications

References 8 publications

Calf Muscle (Triceps Surae Complex) Thickness in an Adult Nigerian Population: An Imaging Based Normographic Study

Calf Muscle (Triceps Surae Complex) Thickness in an Adult Nigerian Population: An Imaging Based Normographic Study

Muscle mass and bone mineral indices: does the normalized bone mineral content differ with age?

Age-and Gender-related Differences in Physical Functions of the Elderly following 1-year Regular Exercise Therapy: Comparison with Standard Values

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