Distribution of steroidal saponins in Tribulus terrestris from different geographical regions

Sperm Quality and Testicular Histomorphometry of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Extract and Fractions of Fruit of Tribulus terrestris L.

“…In traditional Chinese and Indian medicine, the fruit is used in the treatment of infertility, impotence, erectile dysfunction and low libido (Gauthaman et al 2002;Gauthaman and Ganesan 2008;Singh and Gupta 2011). Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of several compounds in ethanolic, hexanic and methanolic extracts of T. terrestris such as steroidal saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids (Bedir and Khan 2000;Dinchev et al 2008;Su et al 2009). Some studies have assessed the effect of T. terrestris administration on male reproductive system and showed that the plant could positively influence on spermatogenesis (Bashir et al 2009;Elahi et al 2013;Keshtmand et al 2014).…”

Changes in gene expression of CXCR4, CCR7 and BCL2 after treatment of breast cancer cells with saponin extract from Tribulus terrestris

“…It has been used as an aphrodisiac, diuretic, antihypertension, antimicrobial, antiacetylcholine, hemolytic and anthelmintic substance as well as to treat coughs, kidney failure and cancer [1][2][3]. The biologically active compounds in TT are considered to be the steroidal saponins [4]. Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides with strong foam-forming properties in aqueous solution [5].…”

“…They have been found not only in TT, but also in a variety of other higher plants. However, among Bulgarian herbs TT is the one that is known to contain a big fraction of saponins, mainly protodioscin [4]. A lot of studies have been performed on plant extracts and have reported that saponins exert an antitumor effect on various cancer types [5][6][7].…”

A Simple Method for Determination of Protodioscin in Tribulus Terrestris L. and Pharmaceuticals by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Diode-Array Detection

“…It is a perennial, summer growing herb, 10-60 cm high, with long stems, pinnate leaves, small yellow flowers and large fruit [11,12] known as "Chih-hsing" in China and "goat head" in USA. It can be found in arid climate regions around the world as: southern USA, Mexico, India, China, Vietnam, Spain, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Turkey, Georgia and Iran [13,14].…”

“…Obreshova et al [15] identified protogracilin besides protodioscin as the dominate furostanol bisglycoside and, so these compounds are considered to be factor responsible for biological activity of products derived from this plant [14].…”