Distribution of secondary metabolites in the sponge Oceanapia sp. and its ecological implications

Schupp, Peter J.; Eder, C.; Paul, Valerie J.; Proksch, Peter

doi:10.1007/s002270050658

Cited by 86 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Extracts prepared from different layers of benthic macroinvertebrates from warmer waters have yielded conflicting results. In one study, differences between tissue layers in their palatability were not detected (Burns et al 2003), while in other studies body tissues first encountered by predators were found to be regions of increased defenses (Avila & Paul 1997, Schupp et al 1999. In all of these studies, the predominant predators on the sponges were fish, which are capable of biting through outer tissues and thus feeding on both inner and outer tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Palatability and chemical defenses of sponges from the western Antarctic Peninsula

Peters¹,

Amsler²,

McClintock³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The present study surveyed the palatability of all sponge species that could be collected in sufficient quantities in a shallow-water area along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Of 27 species assayed, 78% had outermost tissues that were significantly unpalatable to the sympatric, omnivorous sea star Odontaster validus. Of those species with unpalatable outer tissues, 62% had inner tissues that were also unpalatable to the sea stars. Sea stars have often been considered as the primary predators of sponges in other regions of Antarctica, and their extra-oral mode of feeding threatens only the outermost sponge tissues. The observation that many of the sponges allocate defenses to inner tissues suggests the possibility that biting predators such as mesograzers, which could access inner sponge layers, may also be important in communities along the Antarctic Peninsula. In feeding bioassays with extracts from 12 of the unpalatable species in artificial foods, either lipophilic or hydrophilic extracts were deterrent in each species. These data indicate an overall level of chemical defenses in these Antarctic sponges that is comparable to, and slightly greater than, that found in a previous survey of tropical species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Palatability and chemical defenses of sponges from the western Antarctic Peninsula

Peters¹,

Amsler²,

McClintock³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Both of these studies support Optimal Defense Theory, with highest concentrations in those parts of the sponge that are most vulnerable to predators. 222 " 223 In contrast, extracts from ectosome (periphery) and endosome (interior) of 6 Red Sea sponges did not differ in their ability to deter feeding by the wrasse Thalassoma klunzingeri or the sea urchin Diadema setosum. 224 The defense of sponge larvae has been examined in only a few studies.…”

Section: Spongesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Chemical mediation of interactions among marine organisms

2004

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“…Turon et al, 1996b;Betancourt-Lozano et al, 1998), and more rarely within specimens (Turon et al, 1996b;Becerro et al, 1998;Schupp et al, 1999). Genetic, biological, and/ or environmental factors (both biotic and abiotic) can account for this variation.…”

Section: Scientia Marina 73(2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical bioactivity of sponges along an environmental gradient in a Mediterranean cave

Turon¹,

Martí²,

Uriz³

2009

Sci. Mar.

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SuMMarY: The bioactivity of the most abundant sponges from three communities in a Mediterranean cave was assessed by Microtox ® assay in two seasons, spring (June) and autumn (november). We quantified bioactivity as a proxy for the investment in production of biologically active substances, and we related sponge bioactivity to growth form, growth rates, and physical contacts of each species with other species. We established a threshold for classifying a species as bioactive based on a comparison between the results of the Microtox ® and the sea urchin embryo toxicity bioassay. a total of 30 species were included in the study, of which 50% were bioactive in some community or season. Significant ecological (between communities) and seasonal variation in mean bioactivity was found. When sponge bioactivity was related to sponge growth shape, it was found that the encrusting species tended to be more toxic than the non-encrusting ones. There was a negative relationship between bioactivity and sponge growth, suggesting a trade-off in energy allocation to defence and to other biological functions. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between bioactivity and positive associations with other species. These results highlight the important role of chemically-mediated interactions in cave communities.Keywords: sponges, bioactivity, natural toxicity, Microtox ® assay, temporal variation, ecological variation, caves, western Mediterranean.reSuMen: Bioactividad química de las esponjas a lo largo de un gradiente ambiental en una cueva mediterránea. -La bioactividad de las esponjas más abundantes en tres comunidades a lo largo de una cueva mediterránea fue cuantificada por medio del bioensayo Microtox ® en dos estaciones, primavera (junio) y otoño (noviembre). La bioactividad medida se usó como una aproximación a la inversión en producción de sustancias bioactivas, y se relacionó la bioactividad de las esponjas con su morfología, tasas de crecimiento, y contactos de cada especie con otras. Se estableció un umbral para determinar si una especie es bioactiva mediante una comparación entre el test Microtox ® y el test de biotoxicidad en embriones de erizo. en total se estudiaron 30 especies, de las que un 50% fue bioactivo en alguna comunidad o estación del año. Se encontraron importantes diferencias ecológicas (entre comunidades) y estacionales en la bioactividad media. Cuando se relacionó la bioactividad con la morfología de las esponjas se encontró que las esponjas incrustantes tendían a ser más tóxicas que las de otras morfologías. Se detectó una correlación negativa entre bioactividad y crecimiento, lo que sugiere un balance entre inversión de energía en defensa y en otras funciones. Por otro lado, se encontró una correlación negativa entre bioactividad y las asociaciones positivas con otras especies. estos resultados ponen de manifiesto el importante papel de las interacciones mediadas por sustancias químicas en comunidades de cuevas.Palabras clave: bioactividad, toxicidad natural, bioensayo Microtox ® , variación t...

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Distribution of secondary metabolites in the sponge Oceanapia sp. and its ecological implications

Cited by 86 publications

References 35 publications

Palatability and chemical defenses of sponges from the western Antarctic Peninsula

Palatability and chemical defenses of sponges from the western Antarctic Peninsula

Chemical mediation of interactions among marine organisms

Chemical bioactivity of sponges along an environmental gradient in a Mediterranean cave

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