Distribution of rare earth elements and heavy metals in the surficial sediments of the Himalayan river system.

Ramesh, R.; Ramanathan, Alagappan; Ramesh, S.; Purvaja, R.; Subramanian, V.

doi:10.2343/geochemj.34.295

Cited by 88 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Average heavy metal concentrations of YRS sediments, except for Pb, are lower than those reported for the surficial sediments of the Yamuna main channel (Ramesh et al, 2000). Cobalt concentrations of the YRS are higher than those reported by Ramesh et al (2000) even after considering that its concentration might have been overestimated in this study.…”

Section: Heavy Metalscontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Cobalt concentrations of the YRS are higher than those reported by Ramesh et al (2000) even after considering that its concentration might have been overestimated in this study. The samples studied by Ramesh et al (2000) are from the Yamuna at Dakpathar near Dehradun till its flow in the plains near Allahabad. In the plains, the Yamuna receives contributions from tributaries draining mainly the basaltic terrains.…”

Section: Heavy Metalscontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Strong association of metals with Al-rich phase demonstrates the role of sediment transport and mineral sorting in influencing the distribution of metal abundances of YRS sediments. Ramesh et al (2000) also observed that finer grain size and clay mineral abundances in surficial sediments of the Himalayan river system control metal accumulation in them. The role of particle transport and sorting is also evident from comparison of chemical composition of surface sediments with those of suspended particulates of the Yamuna river.…”

Section: Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Sediment geochemistry of the Yamuna River System in the Himalaya: Implications to weathering and transport

2004

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Bed sediments of the Yamuna River and its tributaries in the Himalaya (Yamuna River System, YRS) have been analyzed for major elements and trace metals (Sr, Ba, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Pb and Cr). These results have been used to characterize chemical weathering and transport in the Himalaya, to assess relative mobility of elements during weathering and to understand heavy metal association. Concentrations of major and trace elements of YRS sediments vary between 20 and 50%. In general, elemental variability reduces when data are analyzed individually for the major rivers, suggesting that tributaries draining diverse lithology contribute significant variations. Comparison of sediment chemistry with composition of source rocks and average Upper Continental Crust (UCC) suggests significant loss of Na, K, Ca and Mg from source rocks during weathering, the degree of loss being more for Ca and Na. Chemical index of alteration (CIA) for YRS sediments averages at 59, indicating that weathering in the basin is of moderate intensity. This inference is also supported by major ion chemistry of YRS waters and is attributed to steep gradient and enhanced physical erosion in the basin. Available results seem to indicate that Na and Sr are effectively more mobile than Ba, which is thought to be a combined effect of higher solubility of Na and Sr, and the affinity of Ba to be adsorbed onto solid phase. Heavy metals show significant positive correlation with Al and weak correlation with Fe, Mn and P. These observations suggest that metal concentrations are controlled mainly by clay mineral abundances, and that Fe-Mn oxides and organic matter may be playing less significant role. Heavy metal concentrations of YRS sediments are lower than those of suspended particulates of the Yamuna river, presumably due to higher clay mineral abundances in the latter. Strong association of metals with Al, and lower metal concentrations in bed sediments compared to suspended matter underscores the importance of sediment transport and mineral sorting in influencing the YRS sediment chemistry. Enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index calculated for heavy metals in YRS sediments suggest that they are mainly of natural origin and that anthropogenic activities exert little influence on their abundances.

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Section: Heavy Metalscontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Heavy Metalscontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Sediment geochemistry of the Yamuna River System in the Himalaya: Implications to weathering and transport

2004

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“…Valuable light elements like Rb and Cs are occurring in the tailings which are mainly feldspars. Feldspars rich in rubidium, is valuable and those can be separated by froth floatation [14]. The minerals in the form of oxides are SiO 2 , MgO, K 2 O and REE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Viability of the Tista River Sand Deposits in Bangladesh An Overview

Rahman

Zaman²,

Biswas³

et al. 2017

J. Sci. Res.

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The Tista River originates from the Himalaya Mountain, flows through Bangladesh and makes itself as the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River, having huge sand deposits with valuable minerals. The present work implies economic viability of the Tista River sand deposits measuring heavy mineral concentration and comparing with other established deposits and marking the cut-off grade and prices of these minerals. The study shows that the average content of heavy minerals is 8.26%, containing garnet, ilmenite, magnetite, rutile, zircon and micas. The selected valuable oxides in the form of minerals are SiO 2 , MgO, K 2 O and rare earth elements. The commendable amount of SiO 2 71.72 wt% makes it feasible as raw material in the glass factory. Another valuable oxide is K 2 O amounted 2.53 wt% (price per ton in US$ 350-400) makes it praiseworthy. The valuable elements found in deserving quantities are Ba, Rb, Th, V, Cs, Cr, Ni and Co. The remarkable finding of this study is Thorium (Th) measured 28 gm/ton of bulk sand. According to Nobel laureate Carlo Rubbia, thorium (Th) can produce 200 times more electricity than uranium and more environment friendly. So it is economically feasible to take proper initiative to set up mining for sand processing.

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“…[30] The role of sediments as carriers and potential sources of REEs and metals is well established and a number of studies on the river basin and estuaries have yielded fundamental features of the aquatic geochemistry of the REEs. [30,31] Rare earth elements in the sedimentary rocks are mostly terrigenous and reveal the source rock composition reflecting the REE distribution in the exposed continental crust. These studies indicate that chemical-weathering reactions on the continent lead to extensive fractionation between the dissolved REEs and the river suspended particles and continental rocks.…”

Section: Multivariate Assessment For the Dominant Geochemical Associamentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical hunting of lithogenic and anthropogenic impacts on polymetallic distribution (Bregalnica river basin, Republic of Macedonia)

Balabanova

Stafilov

Šajn

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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The main subject of this investigation was the assessment of the lithogenic and anthropogenic distribution of 69 elements in the sediments and fluvisol in the Bregalnica river basin. Alluvial soil and fluvisol samples were collected from the total of eighteen locations along the course of the Bregalnica river and additional thirteen samples were collected from its tributaries. The matrix elements accumulation patterns followed the order: Fe > Na > Al > Ca > Mg > K > Ti > P. The potentially toxic elements, such as As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, have enriched content in the sediments in the medium course of the river, where the main anthropogenic introduction activities occurred. By multivariate analysis the dominant geochemical associations were extracted, as follows: F1: Y-Eu-Lu-Cr-V-La-Gd-Nb-Co-Hf-Zr-Ga-Mg-Fe-Sr-Ta-Sn-Li-Na-RbNi-Ge-Be-Cs; F2: As-W-Ba-Ag-Cu-Tl-Zn-Sb-Mo-In-Cd-Te-Bi-Pb and F3: I-Sc-Br-K. Lead and zinc contents were strongly correlated with the hydrothermal exploitations, especially in the area of Neogene clastite and vulcanite. These elements occur as dominant geochemical markers of the anthropogenic impacts of polymetallic enrichments due to the hydrothermal ore exploitation (Factor 2). The impact of Oligocene volcanism (Kratovo-Zletovo region) was observed in the lithological enrichments of Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Sb, Mo and Bi. Despite the natural distribution along the course of the Bregalnica river, an exceptional anomaly in the iron distribution of the old polymetallic unused mineralization was detected in Zone 1 (Berovo region).

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Distribution of rare earth elements and heavy metals in the surficial sediments of the Himalayan river system.

Cited by 88 publications

References 45 publications

Sediment geochemistry of the Yamuna River System in the Himalaya: Implications to weathering and transport

Sediment geochemistry of the Yamuna River System in the Himalaya: Implications to weathering and transport

Economic Viability of the Tista River Sand Deposits in Bangladesh An Overview

Geochemical hunting of lithogenic and anthropogenic impacts on polymetallic distribution (Bregalnica river basin, Republic of Macedonia)

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