Distribution of Prolactin and Cortisol between Serum and CSF in Rhesus Monkeys

Herbert, Joseph; Martensz, N. D.; Umberkoman-Wiita, B.; Hansen, Steffen W.

doi:10.1159/000401412

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This is the amount that can pass across the blood-brain barrier or into the saliva. As blood levels begin to increase and as the binding capacity of CBG is exceeded, any additional cortisol will stay in the free condition, so that the amounts passing into the brain rapidly and disproportionately increase (Herbert et al , 1982).…”

Section: Adrenal Steroids and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in human development and psychopathology

Goodyer

Park²,

Netherton³

et al. 2001

Br J Psychiatry

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173

105

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Section: Adrenal Steroids and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in human development and psychopathology

Goodyer

Park²,

Netherton³

et al. 2001

Br J Psychiatry

Self Cite

173

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Final ly, the dynamics of entry into and clearance of cortisol from CSF have been measured after a single intravenous injec tion of the hormone. A preliminary report of some of this work has been published [ 16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Regulating Levels of Cortisol in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Monkeys during Acute and Chronic Hypercortisolemia

Martensz¹,

Herbert²,

Stacey³

1983

Neuroendocrinology

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Cortisol levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in ovariectomized, estrogen-treated monkeys during either prolonged hypercortisolemia or the more transient effects of a bolus injection of cortisol. Control (saline-treated) animals showed the expected diurnal rhythm in serum cortisol, but proportionately more cortisol was present in the CSF when serum levels were high (i.e. in the morning). Prolonged hypercortisolemia for up to 37 days was produced by either thrice daily injections of cortisol itself or single daily injections of ACTH_1-24 in the morning. Both treatments produced disproportionately larger amounts of cortisol in the CSF than in the serum, and the CSF/serum cortisol ratio was increased. Furthermore, prolonged ACTH treatment caused a marked elevation in CSF cortisol in afternoon samples taken at 16.30 h compared with those at 10.00 h, in the absence of a similar change in serum cortisol levels. The relative importance of entry and clearance of cortisol in the CSF in these conditions was studied in several ways. ‘Free’ cortisol levels in serum (determined by equilibrium dialysis) were equal to CSF cortisol levels in control monkeys, but were less than those in the CSF of hypercortisolemic animals. Entry of cortisol into CSF after a bolus injection was rapid, but, unlike serum, CSF cortisol levels did not decline significantly over a 70-min sampling period and the delayed clearance from the CSF could account for some of the effects seen during hypercortisolemia. Neither high levels of prolactin (which is elevated together with cortisol in ‘stress’), induced by giving sulpiride, nor treatment with progesterone (which is also bound by corticosteroid binding globulin) altered the distribution of cortisol between blood and CSF. The concentrations of cortisol in the CSF therefore are regulated by factors influencing both its entry and clearance from the cerebral compartment. Neural tissues sensitive to cortisol are thus exposed to levels of this hormone that are both qualitatively and quantitatively different from those expected by direct extrapolation from serum levels.

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Effects of maternal prenatal stress on offspring development: a commentary

Lazinski

Shea

Steiner

2008

Arch Womens Ment Health

100

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Pregnancy is associated with major physiological changes and adaptation to these changes is crucial for normal fetal development. Heightened emotional stress during pregnancy may interfere with the necessary adaptation and lead to dysregulation of the two major stress response systems: the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). Negative effects on the fetus of such maladaptation have been documented in both animals and humans and range from poor birth outcomes to negative impacts on neurodevelopment, as well as long term emotional and behavioural disturbances. Conversely, it has been hypothesized that low levels of maternal prenatal stress may actually have an adaptive value for the offspring. Investigation of these associations employing physiological markers and repeated measures throughout pregnancy and postpartum of both the mother and the offspring, is required in order to understand the various effects of prenatal stress on the development of the offspring. It is also crucial to explore the possibility of variable periods of vulnerability throughout gestation. The aim of this commentary is to reexamine the current literature on the ill-effects of maternal stress during pregnancy on the offspring and to explore avenues for future treatment and prevention.

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Distribution of Prolactin and Cortisol between Serum and CSF in Rhesus Monkeys

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Possible role of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in human development and psychopathology

Possible role of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in human development and psychopathology

Factors Regulating Levels of Cortisol in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Monkeys during Acute and Chronic Hypercortisolemia

Effects of maternal prenatal stress on offspring development: a commentary

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