Distribution of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in the atmosphere

Nakano, Takeshi; Tsuji, Masahiko; Okuno, Toshihide

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(90)90042-l

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Losses of PCDD/Fs can potentially occur from the soil system through microbial breakdown, photooxidation, volatilization, crop offtake, and leaching (1,43,48,49). The rates of increase in soil plough layer PCDD/Fs at Broadbalk are therefore not necessarily equivalent to deposition fluxes to the soil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compound-Specific Observations and PCA. It has been suggested that PCDD/Fs can undergo photooxidative degradation in the atmosphere (8) and may show congener-group separation between the gas and aerosol phases (43,49). Similarly in soils PCDD/Fs are susceptible to slow biodegradation (48), volatilization (51), and probably also to abiotic breakdown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increases in the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and -furan content of soils and vegetation since the 1840s

Kjeller¹,

Jones²,

Johnston³

et al. 1991

Environ. Sci. Technol.

115

109

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Archived soil samples (0-23 cm, plough layer depth) collected from the same semirural plot in southeast England between 1846 and 1986 have been analyzed for polychlorinated (tetra to octa) dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs). Atmospheric deposition will have been the major source of PCDD/Fs to the site over this time. PCDD/Fs were present in all the samples, and concentrations started to increase around the turn of the century, rising from 31 to 92 ng of £PCDD/Fs (kg of soil)"1 between 1893 and 1986. Unwashed bulked herbage samples from 1960-1970 and the 1980s contained 96 and 85 ng of £PCDD/F kg"1 respectively, compared to 12 ng of £PCDD/F kg'1 in a sample from 1880-1990. Average ^PCDD/F net rates of increase in the soil over the last century were calculated as ca. 190 ng m"2 year'1. It is suggested that the increases in soil and herbage PCDD/Fs observed this century at Rothamsted are representative of those likely for agricultural systems in many industrialized regions. The possible changing sources of PCDD/Fs to the environment are discussed in the context of the concentration trends and congener-specific observations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increases in the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and -furan content of soils and vegetation since the 1840s

Kjeller¹,

Jones²,

Johnston³

et al. 1991

Environ. Sci. Technol.

115

109

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“…Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are distributed worldwide (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). In the Great Lakes region, PCDDs and PCDFs have been identified in sediments (17), air (18,19), water (8), fish (20)(21)(22), reptiles (23,24), birds (20,(25)(26)(27), and mammals (28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Trends and Sources of PCDDs and PCDFs in the Great Lakes: Herring Gull Egg Monitoring, 1981-1991

Hebert¹,

Norstrom²,

Simon³

et al. 1994

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Generally, atmospheric persistent organochlorines are distributed in both gas and aerosol phases, depending on the air temperature, 24 but the major fraction of these chemicals has been recorded in the gas phase even in urban air containing high-density suspended particles. [25][26][27] Taking these facts into account, organochlorines in the aerosol-binding phase are negligible when calculating their fluxes by gas exchange between the air-water interface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas exchange of OCPs across the air–water interface at the creek adjoining Mumbai harbour, India

Pandit

Sahu

2001

J. Environ. Monitor.

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The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite (DDE) and endosulfans were determined in air and water in order to estimate the magnitude and direction of gas flux across the air-water interface at the creek adjoining Mumbai harbour, India. The range of HCH residues in air was found to be between 1.0 and 22.5 pg m(-3) and that in sea-water was between 1.7 to 34.4 ng l(-1) DDT and its metabolite (DDE) residues in air ranged between 2.1 and 80.8 pg m(-3) and in sea-water between 1.4 to 19.2 ng l(-1). The concentrations of beta-endosulfan in air and sea-water samples were found to be 1.0-1.6 pg m(-3) and 1.0-2.6 ng l(-1) respectively. The HCHs revealed positive values of the fluxes (1.001 microg m(-2) d(-1) for alpha-HCH, 0.107 microg m(-2) d(-1) for beta-HCH and 0.455 microg m(-2) d(-1) for gamma-HCH) indicating the tendency to transfer these contaminants from water to air. This implies that the marine water bodies principally act as a source of HCHs. The fluxes for DDTs (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT) also follow the same pattern as HCHs and show high positive values (1.698 microg m(-2) d(-1) for DDE and 2.422 microg m(-2) d(-1) for DDT). The present study suggests the active transfer of these dissolved OCPs into the atmosphere due to volatilization.

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Distribution of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in the atmosphere

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Increases in the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and -furan content of soils and vegetation since the 1840s

Increases in the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and -furan content of soils and vegetation since the 1840s

Temporal Trends and Sources of PCDDs and PCDFs in the Great Lakes: Herring Gull Egg Monitoring, 1981-1991

Gas exchange of OCPs across the air–water interface at the creek adjoining Mumbai harbour, India

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