Distribution of nitrogen absorbed during different times of growth in the plant parts of wheat and contribution to the grain amino acids

Yoneyama, T.

doi:10.1080/00380768.1983.10432420

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Not including the first planting of year 1 in which climatic conditions limited growth, mean 15NHI was 0.89 versus 0.68 for NHI of total N. Thus, N acquired after anthesis was almost entirely translocated to grain. In a solution-culture study Yoneyama (1983) added labeled N to the growth medium of wheat at several developmental stages and reported similar results: a 15NHI of 0.87 for 15N applied during grain fill, compared to an overall NHI of 0.76. Cultivars varied significantly with respect to 15NHI and NHI (Table 3).…”

Section: Nitrogen Harvest Index Of Lsn (15nhi)supporting

confidence: 51%

Effects of variations in soil water potential, depth of N placement, and cultivar on postanthesis N uptake by wheat

Wuest

Cassman

1992

Plant Soil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of soil water potential, depth of N placement, timing, and cultivar on uptake of a small dose of labeled N applied after anthesis by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Understanding postanthesis N accumulation should allow better control of grain protein concentration through proper manipulation of inputs. Two hard, red spring-wheat cultivars were planted in early and late fall each yr of a 2-yr field experiment. Less than 1 kgN ha -~ as KIsNO3 was injected into the soil at two depths: shallow (0.05 to 0.08 m) and deep (0.15 to 0.18 m). In both years an irrigation was applied at anthesis, and injections of labeled N were timed 4, 12, and 20 days after anthesis (DAA). Soil water potential was estimated at the time of injection. Mean recovery of 15N in grain and straw was 57% of the 15N applied. Recovery did not differ between the high-protein (Yecora Rojo) and the low-protein (Anza or Yolo) cultivars. Mean recovery from deep placement was 60% versus only 54% from shallow placement (p <0.01). Delaying the time of injection decreased mean recovery significantly from 58% at 4 DAA to 54% at 20 DAA. This decrease was most pronounced in the shallow placement, where soil drying was most severe. Regressions of recovery on soil water potential of individual cultivar × yr × planting × depth treatments were significant only under the driest conditions. Stepwise regression of 15N recovery on soil water potential and yield parameters using data from all treatments of both years resulted in an equation including soil water potential and N yield, with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.64. The translocation of ~SN to grain was higher (0.89) than the nitrogen harvest index (0.69), and showed a highly significant increase with increase in DAA. This experiment indicates that the N uptake capacity of wheat remains reasonably constant between 4 and 20 DAA unless soil drying is severe.

show abstract

Section: Nitrogen Harvest Index Of Lsn (15nhi)supporting

confidence: 51%

Effects of variations in soil water potential, depth of N placement, and cultivar on postanthesis N uptake by wheat

Wuest

Cassman

1992

Plant Soil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this experiment, the decline in crop 15 N recovery during the grain-filling period was not significantly affected by the fertilizer application time, but it is likely that losses during grain filling may reduce earlier and more pronounced differences. Thus, during the growth of winter wheat to maturity, Yoneyama (1983) reported reductions of 15 N recoveries for fertilizer applied at the very beginning of the growth cycle. The average decline in crop 15 N recovery during the grain-filling period was below the 12%-point observed by Petersen (2001), but above the values reported by Nielsen & Jensen (1986) and Recous et al (1988).…”

Section: Sampling Time and Loss Of 15 Nmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Several pathways for N losses have been suggested (Wetselaar & Farquhar, 1980), but the magnitude of each pathway depends on the growth conditions. Nevertheless, the sum of losses may be of significance and may interact with the time of fertilization (Yoneyama, 1983). Therefore recordings at har- Time of nitrogen fertilizer application on crop recovery was studied in a field experiment at Foulumgaard, Denmark, in 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop uptake of¹⁵N labelled fertilizer in spring wheat affected by application time

Petersen

2004

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Sc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…When 14 C-labeled serine, lysine, and leucine were applied to a fully expanded source leaf of oat ( Avena sativa L.), lysine and leucine were transported to the immature sink leaf via phloem without any metabolic change, whereas serine was extensively metabolized in the source leaf (Peterson et al, 1977). A differential contribution of the early taken up and currently re-mobilized N and the newly taken up N was observed in AAs of grain proteins in nitrate-grown wheat: lysine, valine, proline, leucine + isoleucine, and arginine + histidine were derived from the former N source and glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alanine from the latter (Yoneyama, 1983). When 14 C-labeled lysine was injected to the uppermost internode of ripening wheat, 46–49% of it was found as lysine in the ripened grains, suggesting that the lysine preformed elsewhere in the plant was transported and incorporated into the grain protein (Lawrence and Grant, 1964).…”

Section: Organ Growth Is Sustained By Both the Amino Acids Re-mobilizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Plant Dynamic System of Nitrogen Use for Vegetative Growth and Grain Filling in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) as Revealed through the Production of 350 Grains from a Germinated Seed Over 150 Days: A Review and Synthesis

Yoneyama

Tanno²,

Tatsumi³

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A single germinated rice (Oryza sativa L) seed can produce 350 grains with the sequential development of 15 leaves on the main stem and 7–10 leaves on four productive tillers (forming five panicles in total), using nitrogen (N) taken up from the environment over a 150-day growing season. Nitrogen travels from uptake sites to the grain through growing organ-directed cycling among sequentially developed organs. Over the past 40 years, the dynamic system for N allocation during vegetative growth and grain filling has been elucidated through studies on N and 15N transport as well as enzymes and transporters involved. In this review, we synthesize the information obtained in these studies along the following main points: (1) During vegetative growth before grain-filling, about half of the total N in the growing organs, including young leaves, tillers, root tips and differentiating panicles is supplied via phloem from mature source organs such as leaves and roots, after turnover and remobilization of proteins, whereas the other half is newly taken up and supplied via xylem, with an efficient xylem-to-phloem transfer at stem nodes. Thus, the growth of new organs depends equally on both N sources. (2) A large fraction (as much as 80%) of the grain N is derived largely from mature organs such as leaves and stems by degradation, including the autophagy pathway of chloroplast proteins (e.g., Rubisco). (3) Mobilized proteinogenic amino acids (AA), including arginine, lysine, proline and valine, are derived mainly from protein degradation, with AA transporters playing a role in transferring these AAs across cell membranes of source and sink organs, and enabling their efficient reutilization in the latter. On the other hand, AAs such as glutamine, glutamic acid, γ-amino butyric acid, aspartic acid, and alanine are produced by assimilation of newly taken up N by roots and and transported via xylem and phloem. The formation of 350 filled grains over 50 days during the reproductive stage is ascribed mainly to degradation and remobilization of the reserves, previously accumulated over 100 days in the sequentially developed vegetative organs.

show abstract

Distribution of nitrogen absorbed during different times of growth in the plant parts of wheat and contribution to the grain amino acids

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of variations in soil water potential, depth of N placement, and cultivar on postanthesis N uptake by wheat

Effects of variations in soil water potential, depth of N placement, and cultivar on postanthesis N uptake by wheat

Crop uptake of¹⁵N labelled fertilizer in spring wheat affected by application time

Whole-Plant Dynamic System of Nitrogen Use for Vegetative Growth and Grain Filling in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) as Revealed through the Production of 350 Grains from a Germinated Seed Over 150 Days: A Review and Synthesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Distribution of nitrogen absorbed during different times of growth in the plant parts of wheat and contribution to the grain amino acids

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of variations in soil water potential, depth of N placement, and cultivar on postanthesis N uptake by wheat

Effects of variations in soil water potential, depth of N placement, and cultivar on postanthesis N uptake by wheat

Crop uptake of15N labelled fertilizer in spring wheat affected by application time

Whole-Plant Dynamic System of Nitrogen Use for Vegetative Growth and Grain Filling in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) as Revealed through the Production of 350 Grains from a Germinated Seed Over 150 Days: A Review and Synthesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Crop uptake of¹⁵N labelled fertilizer in spring wheat affected by application time