Distribution of metoprolol, tramadol, and midazolam in human autopsy material

Oertel, Reinhard; Pietsch, Jörg; Arenz, Norman; Zeitz, Sten Gunnar; Goltz, Lisa; Kirch, Wilhelm

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.113

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Using screening methods drugs were detected that had no connection to the cause of death. In these cases, the deceased had been undergoing a continuous therapeutic treatment, treatment during an operation, or an unsuccessful urgent therapy [6]. The concentration of these drugs in brain samples (ng/g levels) has resulted in the need to develop more sensitive, robust and precise analytical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and quantification of antipsychotic drugs in human brain tissue by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to postmortem diagnostics of forensic interest

Sampedro

Unceta

Gómez‐Caballero

et al. 2012

Forensic Science International

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and quantification of antipsychotic drugs in human brain tissue by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to postmortem diagnostics of forensic interest

Sampedro

Unceta

Gómez‐Caballero

et al. 2012

Forensic Science International

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“…The disposition of tramadol in the human body and its eventual association with clinical and toxicological aspects were typically obtained by plasma and urine testing (Nobilis et al, 1996;Levine et al, 1997;Yeh et al, 1999). However, in the last two decades, the quantification of tramadol in other matrices has gained increasing importance, including in oral fluid (Wylie et al, 2005;Moore et al, 2007;El-Sayed et al, 2011), liver, bile, kidney, gastric content, vitreous humor, lung, heart, brain, spleen and muscle (Bogusz et al, 1998;Musshoff and Madea, 2001;Clarot et al, 2003;Oertel et al, 2011). In the case of M1, the quantification studies are scarce compared with conventional samples (blood, plasma and urine).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous quantification of tramadol and O‐desmethyltramadol in hair samples by gas chromatography–electron impact/mass spectrometry

Pinho

Oliveira

Costa

et al. 2013

Biomedical Chromatography

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Over recent years, hair has become the ideal matrix for retrospective investigation of chronic abuse, including for tramadol. However, in order to exclude the possibility of external contamination, it is also important to quantify simultaneously its main metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol (M1), which presence in hair reflects systemic exposure. In the present study a methodology aimed at the simultaneous quantification of tramadol and M1 in human hair was developed and validated for the first time. After decontamination of hair samples (60 mg), tramadol and M1 were extracted with methanol in an ultrasonic bath (~5 h). Purification was performed by solid-phase extraction using mixed-mode extraction cartridges. Subsequently to derivatization, analysis was performed by gas chromatography-electron impact/mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS). The method proved to be selective. The regression analysis for both analytes was shown to be linear in the range of 0.1-20.0 ng/mg with correlation coefficients of 0.9995 and 0.9997 for tramadol and M1, respectively. The coefficients of variation oscillated between 3.85 and 13.24%. The limits of detection were 0.03 and 0.02 ng/mg, and the lower limits of quantification were 0.08 and 0.06 ng/mg for tramadol and M1, respectively. The proof of applicability was performed in hair samples from six patients undergoing tramadol therapy. All samples were positive for tramadol and M1.

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“…In previous studies the distribution of one drug in different autopsy cases was observed (Oertel, Pietsch et al , , ). The main focus in our study was the distribution of several drugs in one autopsy case.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of drugs in human autopsy material using phase‐optimized liquid chromatography

Oertel

Pietsch²,

Arenz

et al. 2012

Biomedical Chromatography

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In legal medicine in many cases drugs are detected in autopsy material without connection to the cause of death, and until now no further investigations have taken place. In our study more than 50 drugs were measured directly in several compartments. The deceased had received continual therapeutic treatment, treatment during an operation or an unsuccessful emergency therapy. Liquid-liquid extraction and an LC-MS/MS method were developed for the determination of these drug concentrations. When measuring many transitions in a biological matrix, two problems should be excluded: ion suppression and too few measurement points per peak. A relatively short operation time and sufficient separation were achieved by column, eluent and gradient optimization with POPLC (phase-optimized liquid chromatography). Various autopsy materials from about 170 cases were investigated. In particular, in nine cases with four or more simultaneously determined drugs, their distribution in the compartments is very interesting for pharmacokinetic examinations. The distribution patterns of the drugs in the compartments of one individual deceased were compared. This meant that the great differences between subjects that are normally encountered these studies could be excluded. Measurements of drug concentrations in human autopsy material deepens knowledge of the respective drugs' pharmacokinetics.

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Distribution of metoprolol, tramadol, and midazolam in human autopsy material

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Screening and quantification of antipsychotic drugs in human brain tissue by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to postmortem diagnostics of forensic interest

Screening and quantification of antipsychotic drugs in human brain tissue by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to postmortem diagnostics of forensic interest

Simultaneous quantification of tramadol and O‐desmethyltramadol in hair samples by gas chromatography–electron impact/mass spectrometry

Simultaneous determination of drugs in human autopsy material using phase‐optimized liquid chromatography

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