Distribution of local Seebeck coefficient in M∕T∕M and M∕T∕M∕T∕M (M=Cu or Ni and T=Bi or Bi0.88Sb0.12) composite materials

Abstract

&petaanee of the-uinfoitunate victims of vitilikoiis striking, nd scid"y failsto evoke a etelig bf hrr aid pitY-At th6 afflikttd, W 9e; condit"on, isdeemed incurable. The pict1uie of af ot1i1s4 a!e, reoved frj9r typical sooty negro's skin, marked with spots perfectly. white, and, from the CQ^1, trast, appearin!1'fireri-than the skiii of the fairest European, must, to evineyn fi rhiarisd'to the siht, appeart iepugnant. These spots vasw9'from a i;Sre (spe:k'to several inches in size, ahd, in advanted ca.ses, tl;ie bqdy heing~niesrly4 eolo41ess. To the best of my recol, lectidn,J they first appear aboutt the Ripe; nose, eyelids,sole,, palms, andi forbhead,i ov pelhappbkse conspicuous situation challenges 'attene tion fir t.i GsGradlially they enlerge iperipherally, and by the coales-cence of several smaller .oes. In the instance of a beggar,. this, or a similar change, had progressed t.o such an extent that the appear4nce he presented was that of one in whom the conditions were revetsed, namely, of a white mai undergoing nelasmatic transformation. To be strictly accurate, it must be stated that this unfortunate patient had the appearance of the leprous physiognomy, while the other cases I am adducing presented quite a healthy skin, but for the characteristic absence of pigment. In a young lady of my acquaintance (between the ages of 20 and 25) the visible parts of the body had become so perfectly leucodermic that one could scarcely say whether he had before him an individual of a fair skinned race or not. In a third, that of a gentleman, there was a large colourless area, implicating the greater part of the nose, cheek, lips, and part of the brow. On the dorsal and palmar surfaces of the hand, I noticed smaller but similar patches. The decolorised part'assumes an oval or rouncdish appearance; is not raised above the level of the healthy skin ; in short, differs in no way from it except in colour. It is distinctly circumscribed, so that it is quite an easy matter to see Where the white skin ends and the dark begins. These areas are not confined to one side of 'the body, but freely spread beyond the mesial line. To the best of my knowledge , there seeme(d no disturbance of the vascularity of the part, for I noticed, especially about the lips, distinct indications of blood-supply; in fact, from the greater transparency, the mucous membrane was rosier even than in health. The sweat-glands were also unaffected , for I noticed these parts bedewed with perspiration. The sensation of the part is probably intact. Age.-This disease cannot be assigned to any special period of life, buit I have seen examples oftener in adults than in childhood. Wheni it manifests itselr early in life it does not seem in any way to affect the general health. Several c.ildren, thus afflicte4, have been seen to grow up to manhood otherwise healthy. 'As the child grows, the spots also enlarge, but their growth is subject 't'o great variation; for, in some, the blanching is rapid, while, in others, indolent. In a patient in whom the disease manifes...

Ras-ERK MAPK Cascade Regulates GATA3 Stability and Th2 Differentiation through Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway

“…The cells were cultured for another 3 days in the presence of only the cytokines present in the initial culture. The numbers of Th1/Th2 cells were determined by using intracellular staining with anti-IL-4 and anti-IFN␥ as described (10).…”

Microstructure Development of Oxide Scale during Steam Oxidation of the Fe–20Cr–30Ni–2Nb (at%) Austenitic Steel at 1073 K

“…Although (Fe,Cr) 3 O 4 forms as the inner scale or in the internal oxidation zone, it cannot be seen by XRD. In our previous studies, 4) metallic Ni particles were observed at the interface of the duplex scale. As we will show later, Ni diffraction spectra come from metallic Ni particles which are located beneath the observed at the Cr 2 O 3 /steel interface.…”

“…Yamashita et al 4) examined oxidation tests of the solution treated Fe20Cr30Ni2Nb (at%) austenitic steel at 973 K in both air and steam atmospheres. The same oxidation tests were also carried out by using pre-aged sample in which intermetallic compounds precipitated.…”

Rolling Technology and Theory for the Last 100 Years: The Contribution of Theory to Innovation in Strip Rolling Technology

“…115) And then they obtained the shape after buckling by the large deformation analysis using the FEM. Ishikawa & others 116) and Yamashita & others 117) examined the occurrence of cross buckling by using the FEM under the assumption that it was caused by the shear stress. Komori and others analyzed too the occurrence of cross buckling by the energy method under the assumption that the elastic buckling occurred continuously at the micro domain by the residual stress.…”

“…The analysis for the slight reduction rolling appeared here and there in the past. The analysis in which the material was assumed to be elasticplastic and the roll flattening deformation was taken into account by modification of Orowan's and Karman's researches, 120,121) and the analysis to use the dislocation theory of the continuation distribution 122) were announced. These researches for the slight reduction rolling were performed as the 2-dimensional problem, but it may be still said that there was considerable progress in handling the materials as elastic-plasticity from rigid-plasticity.…”