Distribution of Lipoproteins by Age and Gender in Adolescents

Abstract

Background-The current National Cholesterol Education Program lipoprotein classification system for children and adolescents is recommended for use among 2-to 19-year-olds. This classification system does not take into account gender differences or the natural fluctuations in lipoprotein concentrations that occur with growth and maturation. Methods and Results-Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used to develop age-and gender-specific thresholds that can be used to denote abnormal levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Each curve was linked to the adult National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III lipoprotein thresholds using LMS (Lambda-Mu-Sigma) growth curve regression methods. A series of growth curves and tables are presented that can be used to diagnose high-risk lipoprotein levels in the clinical and research settings. For example, in 1-year increments for males starting at age 12 and extending to age 19 years, the high-risk thresholds for total cholesterol were 6. 03, 5.83, 5.70, 5.70, 5.77, 5.88, 6.02, and 6.16 mmol/L. The corresponding high-risk threshold for adults (Ն20 years) is 6.22 mmol/L. Conclusions-The present study is the first attempt at developing age-and gender-specific lipoprotein threshold concentrations for adolescents. This new classification system should provide a more accurate diagnosis of high-risk lipoprotein levels and associated cardiovascular risks in adolescents.

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

“…In the study group, which comprised children with a high intake of SAFA and a low intake of PUFA compared with recommended guidelines, TC levels above the cutoffs for abnormal TC (45.2 mmol/l) (Daniels and Greer, 2008) were present in 22% of the children, 49% of the fathers and 32% of the mothers. Furthermore, 24% of the children had LDLC43.35 mmol/l, defined as a risk factor for adult dyslipidemia and associated CVD (Nicklas et al, 2002;Jolliffe and Janssen, 2006). This calculated risk factor in the present study group was four-fold higher compared with the risk factor calculated for the Bogalusa Heart Study (Nicklas et al, 2002).…”

Índice de conicidade como preditor de alterações no perfil lipídico em adolescentes de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil

“…Contudo, a gordura abdominal apresenta uma tendência de aumento nos adolescentes do sexo masculino a partir dos 13 ou 14 anos de idade, o que pode explicar, em parte, o fato de a gordura nos meninos ser mais centralizada 35 . Além disso, esse fato pode justificar a discreta redução que tende a ocorrer nos níveis de colesterol total, HDL e LDL no início da adolescência e o retorno desses níveis, aos valores anteriores, no fim dessa primeira fase da vida 49 .…”

Metabolic risk-factor clustering estimation in children: to draw a line across pediatric metabolic syndrome

“…Moreover, the cutoff points used to identify abnormal lipid profiles have limited ability to predict children or adolescents who will have high-risk lipoprotein levels as adults. 53,57 Recently, abnormal lipid thresholds have become available for 12-19-year-old adolescents 110 as indirectly linked to health risk, but they need to be validated with longitudinal studies. In addition, even low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which was recently related to cardiovascular risk-factors and showed longterm tracking power, should be included as parameter to measure.…”