Distribution of Large and Small Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Common Marmosets

Kudo, Moeko; Wupuer, Sidikejiang; Kubota, Shinji; Seki, Kazuhiko

doi:10.3389/fnsys.2021.801492

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For instance, the lumbar segments giving rise to the bulk of the sciatic nerve vary slightly among species 26 : L3 to L5 for mice, 118 L4 to L6 in rats, 118 and L4 to L7 in NHPs (depending on the NHP species). 119,120 Lumbar DRG in rats contain 12,000 to 15,000 sensory neurons 52 while lumbar DRG in humans harbor about 27,000 to 38,000 neurons. 121 Moreover, for humans, a larger body size is associated with larger lumbar DRG compared with individuals of average size.…”

Section: Biology Fundamentals For Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…121 Moreover, for humans, a larger body size is associated with larger lumbar DRG compared with individuals of average size. 121 The size of DRG neurons in rodents is smaller than those of NHPs and humans, 42,119 and rodent DRG have relatively little connective tissue compared with human DRG. 42 Subtypes of DRG sensory neurons as defined by molecular expression of ion channels, neurotransmitters, and other signaling components are present in different proportions in rodent DRG compared with NHP (cynomolgus macaque) and human DRG.…”

Section: Biology Fundamentals For Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Sampling, Processing, Evaluation, Interpretation, and Reporting of Test Article-Related Ganglion Pathology for Nonclinical Toxicity Studies

Bennet,

Pardo,

Assaf

et al. 2023

Toxicol Pathol

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Certain biopharmaceutical products consistently affect dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglia, and/or autonomic ganglia. Product classes targeting ganglia include antineoplastic chemotherapeutics, adeno-associated virus-based gene therapies, antisense oligonucleotides, and anti-nerve growth factor agents. This article outlines “points to consider” for sample collection, processing, evaluation, interpretation, and reporting of ganglion findings; these points are consistent with published best practices for peripheral nervous system evaluation in nonclinical toxicity studies. Ganglion findings often occur as a combination of neuronal injury (e.g., degeneration, necrosis, and/or loss) and/or glial effects (e.g., increased satellite glial cell cellularity) with leukocyte accumulation (e.g., mononuclear cell infiltration or inflammation). Nerve fiber degeneration and/or glial reactions may be seen in nerves, dorsal spinal nerve roots, spinal cord, and occasionally brainstem. Interpretation of test article (TA)-associated effects may be confounded by incidental background changes or experimental procedure-related changes and limited historical control data. Reports should describe findings at these sites, any TA relationship, and the criteria used for assigning severity grades. Contextualizing adversity of ganglia findings can require a weight-of-evidence approach because morphologic changes of variable severity occur in ganglia but often are not accompanied by observable overt in-life functional alterations detectable by conventional behavioral and neurological testing techniques.

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Section: Biology Fundamentals For Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biology Fundamentals For Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Sampling, Processing, Evaluation, Interpretation, and Reporting of Test Article-Related Ganglion Pathology for Nonclinical Toxicity Studies

Bennet,

Pardo,

Assaf

et al. 2023

Toxicol Pathol

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“…Crawford, unpublished data). 134 In contrast, NfH is pan-neuronal in sensory neurons of humans and horses (L.K. Crawford, unpublished data).…”

Section: Comparative Neurobiology Of Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Technical Review: Biology and Pathology of Ganglia in Animal Species Used for Nonclinical Safety Testing

Bennet,

Pardo,

Assaf

et al. 2023

Toxicol Pathol

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Dorsal root ganglia (DRG), trigeminal ganglia (TG), other sensory ganglia, and autonomic ganglia may be injured by some test article classes, including anti-neoplastic chemotherapeutics, adeno-associated virus-based gene therapies, antisense oligonucleotides, nerve growth factor inhibitors, and aminoglycoside antibiotics. This article reviews ganglion anatomy, cytology, and pathology (emphasizing sensory ganglia) among common nonclinical species used in assessing product safety for such test articles (TAs). Principal histopathologic findings associated with sensory ganglion injury include neuron degeneration, necrosis, and/or loss; increased satellite glial cell and/or Schwann cell numbers; and leukocyte infiltration and/or inflammation. Secondary nerve fiber degeneration and/or glial reactions may occur in nerves, dorsal spinal nerve roots, spinal cord (dorsal and occasionally lateral funiculi), and sometimes the brainstem. Ganglion findings related to TA administration may result from TA exposure and/or trauma related to direct TA delivery into the central nervous system or ganglia. In some cases, TA-related effects may need to be differentiated from a spectrum of artifactual and/or spontaneous background changes.

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“…Since this protein is also a marker of DRGs, it has been used to investigate the size and distribution of this neuronal population in non-human primates and to compare this information with that obtained in rodent DRG neurons [ 88 ].…”

Section: Peripherin As a Marker Of Different Neuronal Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Intermediate Filament Protein Peripherin in Health and Disease

Romanò

Fiore

Bucci

2022

IJMS

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Intermediate filaments are the most heterogeneous class among cytoskeletal elements. While some of them have been well-characterized, little is known about peripherin. Peripherin is a class III intermediate filament protein with a specific expression in the peripheral nervous system. Epigenetic modifications are involved in this cell-type-specific expression. Peripherin has important roles in neurite outgrowth and stability, axonal transport, and axonal myelination. Moreover, peripherin interacts with proteins involved in vesicular trafficking, signal transduction, DNA/RNA processing, protein folding, and mitochondrial metabolism, suggesting a role in all these processes. This review collects information regarding peripherin gene regulation, post-translational modifications, and functions and its involvement in the onset of a number of diseases.

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Distribution of Large and Small Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Common Marmosets

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Sampling, Processing, Evaluation, Interpretation, and Reporting of Test Article-Related Ganglion Pathology for Nonclinical Toxicity Studies

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Sampling, Processing, Evaluation, Interpretation, and Reporting of Test Article-Related Ganglion Pathology for Nonclinical Toxicity Studies

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Technical Review: Biology and Pathology of Ganglia in Animal Species Used for Nonclinical Safety Testing

Role of the Intermediate Filament Protein Peripherin in Health and Disease

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