Role of the Intermediate Filament Protein Peripherin in Health and Disease

Abstract

Intermediate filaments are the most heterogeneous class among cytoskeletal elements. While some of them have been well-characterized, little is known about peripherin. Peripherin is a class III intermediate filament protein with a specific expression in the peripheral nervous system. Epigenetic modifications are involved in this cell-type-specific expression. Peripherin has important roles in neurite outgrowth and stability, axonal transport, and axonal myelination. Moreover, peripherin interacts with proteins involved in vesicular trafficking, signal transduction, DNA/RNA processing, protein folding, and mitochondrial metabolism, suggesting a role in all these processes. This review collects information regarding peripherin gene regulation, post-translational modifications, and functions and its involvement in the onset of a number of diseases.

Histone deacetylase inhibitor boosts anticancer potential of fusogenic oncolytic vaccinia virus by enhancing cell–cell fusion

“…Although there are limitations to identifying the key factor in viral cell–cell fusion by current analyses, 17 TSA‐targeted cellular component‐related genes from both B16‐F10 and CT26 cells are strong candidates. In total, two of the 17 gene products directly compose the cell structure: Tnxb encodes extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin X, 52 and Prph encodes intermediate filament peripherin 53 . Tnxb is involved in EMT transition, 54 and Prph is involved in neurite growth and enterovirus‐A71 infection 55 .…”

“…In total, two of the 17 gene products directly compose the cell structure: Tnxb encodes extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin X, 52 and Prph encodes intermediate filament peripherin. 53 Tnxb is involved in EMT transition, 54 and Prph is involved in neurite growth and enterovirus‐A71 infection. 55 The other candidates are also associated with virus infection and/or replication.…”

HIV Infection: Shaping the Complex, Dynamic, and Interconnected Network of the Cytoskeleton

“…Rab7a interacts directly with vimentin, and this interaction modulates vimentin phosphorylation and assembly [415]. Rab7a-depleted cells have an abundance of insoluble vimentin IFs and defective endosomal trafficking [417]. Phosphorylation of vimentin IFs at Ser 459 by Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) inhibits endolytic fusion during mitosis [398].…”

Peripherin: A proposed biomarker of traumatic axonal injury triggered by mechanical force

“…Indeed, we observed a prominent enhancement of PRPH expression in the CC of the animals post‐TBI, and, simultaneously, swollen axons with PRPH inclusion were also found following TBI (Liang et al, 2019), which sparked our interest in the exploitation of PRPH in TAI diagnosis. PRPH is a type III intermediate filament (IF), which is not only highly expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) but is found in the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) with projections to the peripheral as well (Hol & Capetanaki, 2017; Romano et al, 2022; Zhao & Liem, 2016). In CNS, PRPH is located in the sensory and autonomic neurons of hypothalamus, pons and cerebellum (Barclay et al, 2007; Escurat et al, 1990).…”

“…In CNS, PRPH is located in the sensory and autonomic neurons of hypothalamus, pons and cerebellum (Barclay et al, 2007; Escurat et al, 1990). PRHP plays important roles in neurite formation and stability, axonal transport and axonal myelination (Romano et al, 2022). Motor neuron disease is associated with an increase in serum‐PRPH (Sabbatini et al, 2021).…”