Distribution of Isomorphous Salts in Solubility Equilibrium between Liquid and Solid Phases

Thermodynamics of formation of double salts and mixed crystals from aqueous solutions

“…From saturated ternary (m 1 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + m 2 CuSO 4 )(aq) [77], and (m 1 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + m 2 MgSO 4 )(aq) [78] solutions crystallize double salts with 1-1-6 stoichiometric composition (group (I)). According to the data of Hill et al [79] solid solutions between (NH 4 …”

“…The mixed solution model for chloride mixed (m 1 CuCl 2 + m 2 NiCl 2 )(aq) and (m 1 MgCl 2 + m 2 CrCl 3 )(aq) systems is developed using the data from references [76] and [66], respectively. The ternary solubility data of Caven and Mitchel [77] for (m 1 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + m 2 CuSO 4 )(aq), and [79] are also used in mixing solution model parameterization.…”

“…The closed circle shows the experimental pure water solubility of the (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 AE Cu-SO 4 AE 6H 2 O double salt[79].…”

“…MgSO 4 )(aq) are used. Hill et al[79] determined the pure water m s solubility of double salts (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 AE CuSO 4 AE 6H 2 O and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 AE MgSO 4 AE 6H 2 O, which crystallize from saturated ammonium sulfate solutions (0.783 mol AE kg À1 and 0.789 mol AE kg À1 , respectively). In a previous study[31], we proposed a method for evaluation of mixing parameters.…”

Chemical, Physicochemical and Crystal-Chemical Aspects of Crystallization from Aqueous Solutions as a Method of Purification

“…Table 4. The degree of fulfilling the Ruff rule in some crystallization systems: macrocomponent -microcomponent (Smolik, 2004) Mean molal activity coefficients of some isomorphous double salts, forming ideal solid solutions (M I 2 M II (SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O or M I M III (SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O) in their binary saturated solutions are inversely proportional to the square root of their molal solubility (Hill et al, 1940). Therefore: (Smolik, 2000b] …”