Distribution of gold in the Earth’s crust

Crocket, J. H.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2128-6_1

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Early reviews of the gold content of igneous rocks suggest concentrations are generally less than 5 ppb, rarely exceed 10 ppb and that mafic lithologies have higher concentrations than felsic (Tilling et al, 1973;Crocket, 1991). Recent investigations are generally consistent with these observations (Fig.…”

Section: Gold Concentrations In Igneous and Volcanic Rocks Plutonic Rmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks have similar gold concentrations to organic matter-poor siliceous sedimentary rocks with average concentrations of 1?5¡1 ppb (Fig. 1, Table 1; Crocket, 1991).…”

Section: Gold Concentrations In Sedimentary Rocksmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…These rocks contain anomalously high gold concentrations compared to 'normal' sedimentary rocks. The gold concentrations in banded iron formations and sulphide-rich sediments occurring within basaltic lavas range between 0?1 and 1000 ppb (Crocket, 1991). The most common sedimentary rocks; shales, siltstones, sandstone and conglomerates are commonly reported to contain gold concentrations that range from 0?1 to 30 ppb (Crocket, 1991) which is a larger range than is generally observed in plutonic and volcanic rocks.…”

Section: Gold Concentrations In Sedimentary Rocksmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Gold concentrations in layered series gabbros from the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, Skaergaard Intrusion in Greenland and Jimberlana Intrusion in Australia contains between 0?5 to 9 ppb Au with average concentrations of around 5 ppb ( Fig. 1; Keays and Campbell, 1985;Barnes et al, 1985;Crocket, 1991). Cumulate layers have highly variable gold contents ranging from ,1 ppb up to ore grade depending on whether sulphide minerals have been incorporated in the cumulate (Keays and Campbell, 1981).…”

Section: Gold Concentrations In Igneous and Volcanic Rocks Plutonic Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reviews of gold concentration in different rocks and minerals tend to review all the available data without critical evaluation of the analytical methodology used (e.g. Crocket, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Background concentrations of gold in different rock types

Pitcairn

2011

Applied Earth Science

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The abundance of gold in crustal rocks is an important constraint on the formation of gold deposits. Gold concentrations in unmineralised igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks range from 0?05 to 20 ppb with average concentrations commonly between 0?5 and 5 ppb. Analytical methods with ultra-low detection limits are required to observe the full range of concentrations. Gold concentrations in igneous rocks are strongly controlled by the behaviour of sulphur. Higher gold concentrations occur in sulphur-undersaturated rocks compared to sulphur saturated igneous rocks. Mid ocean ridge basalt has lower gold concentration than ocean-island and volcanic-arc basalt, due mainly to lower oxygen fugacity at MOR settings that causes sulphur saturation. Gold concentrations in sedimentary rocks increase with increasing abundance of diagenetic sulphide minerals and organic matter. Gold concentrations in metamorphic rocks decrease systematically with increasing metamorphic grade. Amphibolite facies rocks commonly contain between 50 and 80% less gold than their unmetamorphosed protolith rocks.

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Section: Gold Concentrations In Igneous and Volcanic Rocks Plutonic Rmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Gold Concentrations In Sedimentary Rocksmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Gold Concentrations In Sedimentary Rocksmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Gold Concentrations In Igneous and Volcanic Rocks Plutonic Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Background concentrations of gold in different rock types

Pitcairn

2011

Applied Earth Science

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Multi-source and multi-stage metal mobilization during the tectonic evolution of the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, Finland: implications for the formation of orogenic Au deposits

et al. 2022

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Precambrian greenstone belts are prospective terrains for orogenic Au deposits worldwide, but the sources of Au, base metals, metalloids, and ligands enriched within the deposits are still debated. Metamorphic devolatilization is a key mechanism for generating Au-rich hydrothermal fluids, but the respective role of the metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks present within these belts in releasing ore-forming elements is still not fully understood. The Central Lapland Greenstone Belt (CLGB), Finland, one of the largest Paleoproterozoic greenstone belts, hosts numerous orogenic Au deposits and is composed of variably metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Characterization of element behavior during prograde metamorphism highlights that (1) metavolcanic rocks release significant Au, As, Sn, Te, and possibly S; (2) metasedimentary rocks release significant S, C, Cu, As, Se, Mo, Sn, Sb, Te, and U, but limited Au; and (3) metakomatiite releases C and possibly Au. Throughout the CLGB metamorphic evolution, two main stages are identified for metal mobilization: (1) prograde metamorphism at ~ 1.92–1.86 Ga, promoting the formation of typical orogenic Au deposits and (2) late orogenic evolution between ~ 1.83 and 1.76 Ga, promoting the formation of both typical and atypical orogenic Au deposits. The complex lithologic diversity, tectonic evolution, and metamorphic history of the CLGB highlight that metal mobilization can occur at different stages of an orogenic cycle and from different sources, stressing the necessity to consider the complete dynamic and long-lasting evolution of orogenic belts when investigating the source of Au, ligands, metals, and metalloids in orogenic Au deposits.

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Statistical Analyses of La, Ce, Nd, Y, Nb, Ti, P, and Zr in Bedrocks and Their Significance in Geochemical Exploration at the Um Garayat Gold Mine Area, Eastern Desert, Egypt

El-Makky

2011

Nat Resour Res

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Distribution of gold in the Earth’s crust

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Background concentrations of gold in different rock types

Background concentrations of gold in different rock types

Multi-source and multi-stage metal mobilization during the tectonic evolution of the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, Finland: implications for the formation of orogenic Au deposits

Statistical Analyses of La, Ce, Nd, Y, Nb, Ti, P, and Zr in Bedrocks and Their Significance in Geochemical Exploration at the Um Garayat Gold Mine Area, Eastern Desert, Egypt

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