Distribution of Enteroinvasive and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Across Space and Time in Northwestern Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract. Although Escherichia coli infections are common throughout the developing world, their prevalence patterns in space and over time are not well characterized. We used serial case control data collected from 16 communities in northwestern Ecuador between 2004 and 2010, to examine the prevalence of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). At its peak, the regional prevalence of EIEC was 8.3 infections/100 persons but this decreased to 1 infection/1,000 persons. The regional prevalence of ETEC ranged from 8 infections/1,000 persons to 3.7 infections/100 persons. The prevalence pattern of EIEC resembled that of a large epidemic whereas the prevalence of ETEC was more stable over time. Here, we provide community-based evidence for temporal shifts in the dominant E. coli pathotype from EIEC to ETEC over a multi-year time period. Furthermore, genotype analysis suggests that a given strain of EIEC and ETEC can persist in this region for long periods, up to 24 and 55 months, respectively.

A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farming within Low-Resource Settings

“…It is important to acknowledge that selection for resistance is heavily influenced by variability in antimicrobial administration, which can include antimicrobial classification, duration of therapy, and Defined Daily Dose [ 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 ]. Studying ecological indicator species that are present within the avian microbiota can serve to inform the status of bacterial populations sensitive to dynamical changes of AMU in poultry husbandry [ 163 , 164 , 165 ]. In particular, multiple other literature reviews evaluating AMR bacteria from poultry have given priority to foodborne, specifically, Escherichia coli , non-typhoid Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp.…”

Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Clonality of E. coli Isolated from Water and Paediatric Stool Samples in the North-West, Province South Africa

“…ETEC is the important diarrhoeic agents in some African countries as reported by the Global Enteric Multicentre Study (GEMS) 3 . It has been documented as an important agent of diarrhoea in many studies [63][64][65] . In this study, DEC pathotypes isolated from the human samples were significantly associated with diarrhoea particularly ETEC (p<0.002) and EIEC (p<0.022).…”

Escherichia coli o157:h7 en carne molida comercializada en los mercados de Guayaquil

“…(13) presenta un estudio de carnes de ganado vacuno, de 450 reses provenientes de la región sierra y región costa, con un 3% de muestras positivas para E. coli O157:H7. A partir de la evidencia disponible, es probable que el control de cepas invasivas y patógenas de E. coli sea una prioridad en el control de la Salud en Ecuador (14,15).…”