Distribution of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus patients and its association rules with other eye diseases

Abstract

The study aims to explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and association rules of eye diseases in these patients. Data were obtained from 1284 DM patients at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. Association rules were employed to calculate the probability of the common occurrence of eye-related diseases in DM patients. A web visualization network diagram was used to display the association rules of the eye-related diseases in DM patients. DR prevalence in people aged < 40 years (≥ 58.5%) was higher than that in those aged 50–60 years (≤ 43.7%). Patients with DM in rural areas were more likely to have DR than those in urban areas (56.2% vs. 35.6%, P < 0.001). DR prevalence in Pingdingshan City (68.4%) was significantly higher than in other cities. The prevalence of DR in patients who had DM for ≥ 5 years was higher than in other groups (P < 0.001). About 33.07% of DM patients had both diabetic maculopathy and DR, and 36.02% had both diabetic maculopathy and cataracts. The number of strong rules in patients ≥ 60 years old was more than those in people under 60 in age, and those in rural areas had more strong rules than those in urban areas. DM patients with one or more eye diseases are at higher risks of other eye diseases than general DM patients. These association rules are affected by factors such as age, region, disease duration, and DR severity.

Gene Biomarkers Related to Th17 Cells in Macular Edema of Diabetic Retinopathy: Cutting-Edge Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vivo Validation

“…3.6% of patients with type 1 diabetes and 1.6% of patients with type 2 diabetes will eventually be blinded by DR and its complications ( 4 ). The prevalence is still increasing in some developing countries with large populations ( 5 , 6 ). There was a significant regional difference in the prevalence of DME between patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).…”

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy among Adult Diabetes Patients in Southeast Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…As a result, rural patients were less likely than urban patients to develop DR and other microvascular complications. In contrast, studies conducted in India 44 and China 45 , 46 reported that DM patients residing rurally were more prone to have DR than those in urban areas.…”

Relationship between renal and liver function with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a study based on cross-sectional data

“…Fundus photographs of each participant were taken using a Zeiss non-mydriatic fundus camera (VISUCAM 224, Germany), with the macula as the center using 45° color-mode shooting. Five fields were captured in each eye: the macula center, temporal side, nasal side, and upper and lower quadrants of the retina 5 . Optical coherence tomography (OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) was used to observe the bergmeister papilla.…”

“…Both DR and diabetic nephropathy are diabetic microvascular complications, and the relationship between them has long been a popular area of study among researchers 4 , 5 . Genetic studies have shown that there is a common genetic susceptibility between DR and chronic kidney disease in diabetic patients 6 .…”