Distribution of Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes in calves in eastern United States

Abstract

Cryptosporidium parvum DNA from 175 neonatal calves on 16 farms in eight eastern states in the United States was subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene to determinate the parasite genetic diversity. Six subtypes of the IIa subtype family were found. Subtype IIaA15G2R1, which is the predominant C. parvum subtype in calves in many parts of the world, was identified in 77% of the C. parvum DNA from calves. Several farms had more than one C. parvum subtype and a few calves had infections with mixed subtypes. Distribution of subtypes differed geographically. Diversity of C. parvum in calves in eastern United States was lower than that previously seen in Michigan and southern Ontario. The high prevalence of one subtype in calves worldwide and frequent detection of this subtype in humans suggests that parasite fitness probably plays an important role in transmission of cryptosporidiosis among cattle and in zoonotic infections.

Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium in animal and human isolates from Jordan

“…However, the IIaA19G2R1 subtype is a relatively rare subtype and has previously been described by Xiao et al (2007), Wielinga et al (2008), Ng et al (2012), Rieux et al (2013) and Couto et al (2014) infecting cattle in the North America, The Netherlands, Australia, France and Brazil, respectively and by Nolan et al (2013) in deer in Australia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this subtype in sheep.…”

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., spatial clustering and patterns of shedding in dairy calves from Córdoba, Argentina

“…In post-weaned calves and older animals C. parvum is almost completely replaced with C. andersoni, C. bovis, and the deer-like genotype (FAYER et al, 2007;THOMPSON et al, 2007). Based on the high prevalence of C. parvum in young animals, it has been reported that only neonatal calves are an important source of zoonotic transmission (XIAO et al, 2007). …”

Determination of Cryptosporidium parvum Subtypes in Cattle in Kars Province of Turkey

“…13 . Amerika Birleşik Devletleri' nde buzağılarda zoonotik olan IIa subtip familyası ile buna bağlı altı subtip tespit edilmiş ve yaygın olan subtipin ise IIaA15G2R1 olduğu bildirilmiştir 4,12 . İran'da buzağılarda C. parvum'un IIaA15G2R1, IIaA16G3R1 ve IIdA15G1 subtipleri belirlenmiş olup, en yaygın subtipin IIaA15G2R1 (22/25) olduğu kaydedilmiştir 9 .…”

“…Dünyada en yaygın olarak görülen zoonotik subtipler ise IIaA15G2R1 ve IIaA18G3R1'dir 2,[4][5][6] . Dünyada sığırlarda Cryptosporidium türlerinin moleküler karakterizasyonu çeşitli ülkelerde yapılmış ve C. parvum IIaA15G2R1, IIaA16G1R1, IIaA16G3R1, IIaA18G3R1 ve IIdA15G1 subtipleri belirlenmiştir 4,[7][8][9][10][11][12] . Bunlardan C. parvum IIaA15G2R1 subtipi hem insan ve hemde sığırlar-da bildirilmiştir 13,14 .…”