Distribution of contaminants used in automotive emission catalysts

Bomback, J. L.; Wheeler, Mary A.; Tabock, J.; Janowski, J.

doi:10.1021/es60100a001

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Lead is a poison for oxidation catalysts and the content of alkyllead antiknock agents had to be greatly reduced (34). Unleaded gasolines have an average lead content of 0.03 g Pb/gal (8 mg/L).…”

Section: Emissions From Gasoline Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic elements in fossil fuel combustion products: amounts and form of emissions and evaluation of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

Vouk¹,

Piver²

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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Metallic elements contained in coal, oil and gasoline are mobilized by combustion processes and may be emitted into the atmosphere, mainly as components of submicron particles. The information about the amounts, composition and form of metal compounds is reviewed for some fuels and combustion processes. Since metal compounds are always contained in urban air pollutants, they have to be considered whenever an evaluation of biological impact of air pollutants is made. The value of currently used bioassays for the evaluation of the role of trace metal compounds, either as major biologically active components or as modifiers of biological effects of organic compounds is assessed. The whole animal bioassays for carcinogenicity do not seem to be an appropriate approach. They are costly, time-consuming and not easily amenable to the testing of complex mixtures. Some problems related to the application and interpretation of short-term bioassays are considered, and the usefulness of such bioassays for the evaluation of trace metal components contained in complex air pollution mixtures is examined.

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Section: Emissions From Gasoline Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic elements in fossil fuel combustion products: amounts and form of emissions and evaluation of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

Vouk¹,

Piver²

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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“…25 Boyer and Laitinen 25 evaluated the stability of laboratory pure lead halide aerosols toward halogen loss by hydrolytic exchange with H 2 O, CO 2 , and ultraviolet light and concluded that halogens were not lost under their laboratory (non-automotive exhaust environment) conditions. Bomback et al 26 have observed that the lead salts PbSO 4 and Pb 3 (PO 4 ) 2 accumulate in catalytic converters and that deposits containing these salts may periodically break off and be exhausted.…”

Section: Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Contamination of the Roadside Ecosystem

Smith

1976

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

117

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“…It has been shown that there are many independent processes that collectively contribute to catalyst deactivation [14]. The most important of them are chemical and thermal mechanisms [15,16]. Chemical deactivation mechanisms primarily consist of constituent poisoning and surface glazing (Zn, Ca and / or P containing phases).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mileage Influence on Conversion Efficiency of Catalytic Converter from In-Use Vehicles

Tartakovsky

Baibikov

Veinblat

et al. 2012

SAE Int. J. Engines

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Although many works are published about the achieved advancements in the manufacturing of the catalytic converters (CC) system for vehicle engines and their testing under laboratory conditions, there is a lack in the published research about the mileages influence on their conversion efficiency (CE). Dependence of dual-brick CCs' CE in real-world driving conditions on vehicle mileage is studied for the first time. The CC tested are dismantled from the vehicles with mileage from 0 (new one) up to 150000 km. The studied CC are evaluated at the engine test bench containing a dynamometer coupled with a spark ignition engine suitable for this type of CC system. Measurements of CC efficiency are performed at four different engine operation regimes: two loaded regimes and two non-load regimes -low and high speed idling. It is found that the oxidation of CO and HC at all four tested regimes took place almost totally in the first CC. Under higher engine loads the conversion of NO x also took place mainly in the first CC. The overall efficiency of conversion reaches values above 99% for most of the tested systems. No significant degradation of CE is found in the studied vehicle mileage range. CE of the CC system that has accumulated the highest mileage, of almost 150000 km, reaches values of 97-99% for CO, 86-99% for HC and 64-99% for NOx at the loaded testing regimes. The smaller values are obtained for the low load regime when the CC temperature is decreased. Considering that the European legislation imposes a durability of 160000 km for the CCs, the results obtained in this work show that for the mileage of 150000 km CC keep a very high CE rate. The CC system that included an aftermarket non-genuine CC is the only one, where significant catalyst deactivation is observed. Registered values of the backpressure do not show any of the tested CC systems as being clogged.

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Distribution of contaminants used in automotive emission catalysts

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Metallic elements in fossil fuel combustion products: amounts and form of emissions and evaluation of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

Metallic elements in fossil fuel combustion products: amounts and form of emissions and evaluation of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

Lead Contamination of the Roadside Ecosystem

Mileage Influence on Conversion Efficiency of Catalytic Converter from In-Use Vehicles

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