Distribution of carbofuran and dimethoate in flowers and their secretion in nectar as related to nectary vascular supply

Davis, Arthur R.; Shuel, R. W.; Peterson, R. L.

doi:10.1139/b88-178

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The latter is most likely with systemic insecticides. Tests with dimethoate and carbofuran suggest that these chemicals are selectively transported into the nectar where they can reach high concentrations (17). Given the large volume of nectar consumed by bumblebees, this could prove to be the most important route of exposure.…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline and Conservation of Bumble Bees

Goulson

Lye

Darvill

2008

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

946

811

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Declines in bumble bee species in the past 60 years are well documented in Europe, where they are driven primarily by habitat loss and declines in floral abundance and diversity resulting from agricultural intensification. Impacts of habitat degradation and fragmentation are likely to be compounded by the social nature of bumble bees and their largely monogamous breeding system, which renders their effective population size low. Hence, populations are susceptible to stochastic extinction events and inbreeding. In North America, catastrophic declines of some bumble bee species since the 1990s are probably attributable to the accidental introduction of a nonnative parasite from Europe, a result of global trade in domesticated bumble bee colonies used for pollination of greenhouse crops. Given the importance of bumble bees as pollinators of crops and wildflowers, steps must be taken to prevent further declines. Suggested measures include tight regulation of commercial bumble bee use and targeted use of environmentally comparable schemes to enhance floristic diversity in agricultural landscapes.

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Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline and Conservation of Bumble Bees

Goulson

Lye

Darvill

2008

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

946

811

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“…Systemic pesticides are most likely to occur in nectar and pollen and in nectar their concentrations depends on both the amount and method of secretion. A number of studies have shown contamination of nectar following pesticide exposure (Davis and Shuel, 1988). Investigations with dimethoate and carbofuran in bugleweed (Ajuga reptans), oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and field beans (Vicia faba) showed an apparent selective transport of the insecticides into the nectar as the concentration in nectar often exceeded that in the solution in which the excised flowers were exposed, i.e.…”

Section: Secretion Of Pesticides Into Nectar and Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations with dimethoate and carbofuran in bugleweed (Ajuga reptans), oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and field beans (Vicia faba) showed an apparent selective transport of the insecticides into the nectar as the concentration in nectar often exceeded that in the solution in which the excised flowers were exposed, i.e. it is more than passive movement with water (Davis and Shuel, 1988). There are several reports that it is not only the truly systemic pesticides which can be detected in nectar but also penetrating chemicals such as parathion can result in toxic nectar for up to 24 hours (Jaycox, 1964).…”

Section: Secretion Of Pesticides Into Nectar and Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the exposure and toxicity of pesticides to bumblebees (Bombus sp.)

Thompson

2001

Apidologie

102

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-Many of the reported pesticide incidents involving honeybees probably also result in mortality of bumblebees and, together with a reduction in suitable habitat, these have resulted in the decline in bumblebees in the UK over the last 20 years. Applications of sprays, e.g. pyrethroids, to flowering crops or weeds at times when honeybees are less active are likely to result in unreported bumblebee deaths. There is a need to protect foraging bumblebees from direct overspray during the early morning and late evening when pesticides which are repellent but highly toxic are applied, i.e. pyrethroids. Of particular concern are those pesticides applied when queens are emerging and establishing colonies, e.g. March/April, when colonies may be significantly impacted by the loss of a small number of workers or the queen. This is a problem which cannot readily be addressed by risk management measures due to differing foraging profiles of honeybees and bumblebees but does need to be taken into account in risk assessment and the development of more selective compounds.Bombus / pesticides / exposure / toxicity / risk assessment

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“…Almost all tests conducted so far have been on B. terrestris, and suggest that toxicity is similar to that found in honeybees. Tests with dimethoate and carbofuran suggest that these chemicals are selectively transported into the nectar where they can reach high concentrations [13]. When colonies are large it is likely that they can tolerate the loss of some of their workers.…”

Section: Effect Of Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%