Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in floral organs of Araceae in relation to pollination strategy

Coté, Gary G.; Gibernau, Marc

doi:10.3732/ajb.1100499

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Pacek and co-workers (Pacek and Stpiczyńska, 2007;Pacek et al, 2012) protection, detoxification, ion balance, tissue support/ plant rigidity, and even the gathering and reflection of light (Franceschi & Nakata, 2005). Coté and Gibernau (2012) tested the function of calcium oxalate crystals in floral organs of Araceae relative to pollination strategy and concluded that these crystals protect the plant against insect predation of gametes and embryos and may possibly limit direct feeding by pollinators of some species. Numerous idioblasts containing raphides, similar to those commonly found in elaiophores of other species of Oncidiinae, were observed in the taxa studied here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative anatomy of elaiophores and oil secretion in the genus Gomesa (Orchidaceae)

Gomiz¹,

Torretta²,

Aliscioni³

2013

Turk J Bot

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Oils are atypical floral rewards in Orchidaceae and are produced by epidermal glands called elaiophores. Flowers of many members of the subtribe Oncidiinae either produce oil or mimic oil-producing flowers of Malpighiaceae. We focus our research on 3 species of Gomesa, namely, G. flexuosa, G. riograndensis, and G. varicosa in order to investigate the presence of elaiophores, their micromorphology and internal structure, and the process of oil secretion. Elaiophores were located using Sudan III and their internal and external features examined using light and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The presence of elaiophores was confirmed for regions of calli that are prominent and exposed. In all 3 species the secretory tissue comprised a single layer of epidermal cells, together with some parenchymatous, subsecretory cells. Epidermal cells were isodiametric or palisade-like, with dense cytoplasm, small vacuoles, and prominent nuclei. Gomesa flexuosa differs from the other species investigated in that it bears intermediate elaiophores (i.e. epithelial and possessing unicellular, secretory trichomes). Based on the absence of a distended cuticle, we propose that oil may pass through the wall and cuticle as small lipid moieties. In addition, some evolutionary trends in the elaiophores in the genus Gomesa are suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative anatomy of elaiophores and oil secretion in the genus Gomesa (Orchidaceae)

Gomiz¹,

Torretta²,

Aliscioni³

2013

Turk J Bot

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“…prism crystal in Dieffenbachia seguine had size of about 48 μm and about 65 μm in Caladium bicolor and Xanthosoma sp. Prism crystal in Dieffenbachia seguine, Caladium bicolor and Xanthosoma sp could found in inside the thecae, mixed in with the pollen grains [14].…”

Section: Prism Crystalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results of research conducted by Prychid et al [9], plant of the genus Amorphophallus, which was a member of Family Araceae, accumulated CaOx crystals, generally in raphide and druse crystal form. However, it was possible to find other crystal types in Amorphophallus because some species which were grouped in Family Araceae could accumulate other crystal types in their tissue [1,6,[10][11][12][13][14]. Therefore, it was interesting to observe the possibility of a variety of shapes and types of CaOx crystals in porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) Crystals in Porang (<i>Amorphophallus muelleri Blume</i>)

Chairiyah¹,

Harijati²,

Mastuti³

2013

AJPS

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This research had aimed to determine variations in form of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in porang. Slides for microscopic observation were prepared from sliced leaf, petiole, and tuber of porang. Sliced organs were cleared by using modified clearing method. The parameters that were observed included form and variety of morphology type of CaOx crystals. Microscopic observation showed there were four basic forms of crystals, i.e., druse, raphide, prism and styloid with some variation of diverse types, each of which had 49, 10, 8, and 5 variations. CaOx crystals, based on the size, were grouped into large (20 -250 µm) and small (1 -15 µm) crystals.

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“…In vegetative organs, which are long-living structures, crystals provide protection against foraging animals, storage of calcium and oxalic acid, regulate Ca levels in plant tissues and organs, provide tissue strength, are involved in the photosynthetic process, and ensure the detoxification of heavy metals (Franceschi and Horner, 1980;Prychid and Rudall, 1999;MolanoFlores, 2001;Franceschi and Nakata, 2005;Kuo-Huang et al, 2007). Similarly, crystals within floral organs are possibly involved in Ca regulation, protection against herbivores, and provide tissue strength given that floral structures are deprived of supporting tissues (Cote and Gibernau, 2012).…”

Section: Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Cardueae (Asteraceae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium oxalate crystals in some species of the Tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae)

Kartal

2016

Bot. Sci.

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Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in the tissues and organs of 18 species that belong to tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae), Arctium minus, Carduus candicans, C. nutans, C. pycnocephalus, Cirsium arvense, C. creticum, C. vulgare, Jurinea consanguinea, Silybum marianum, Tyrimnus leucographus, and Xeranthemum annuum within the subtribe Carduinae and Carthamus dentatus, C. lanatus, Centaurea cyanus, C. diffusa, C. iberica, C. salonitana, and C. solstitialis within the subtribe Centaureinae, were investigated, and their morphologies and distribution were determined using light microscopy. Two morphological types of crystals, styloids and prismatics, were the most commonly found crystals in the species examined. Raphides were only observed in the stem cortex and pith parenchyma cells of S. marianum, while druses were only viewed in the stem pith cells of C. pycnocephalus. Styloids were observed (if present) in the leaf, corolla, anther, filament, and style tissues. Prismatic crystals were common in almost all ovaries of the species investigated except Xeranthemum annuum which was found to include styloids in its ovary cells. Prismatics, styloids, raphides, and druses were present in the stems of the species. It is considered that crystal formation within the cell is under genetic control. Thus the type, and presence or absence of crystals may be represented as a taxonomic character. In conclusion, it is suggested that the type and location of CaOx crystals in the Cardueae constitute a diagnostic character and they may have taxonomic significance in this tribe. Keywords: Asteraceae, Cardueae, calcium oxalate crystals, prismatics, styloids Resumen: Se analizaron los cristales de oxalato de calcio (CaOx) en los tejidos y órganos de 18 especies que pertenecen a la tribu Cardueae (Asteraceae), Arctium minus, Carduus candicans, C. nutans, C. pycnocephalus, Cirsium arvense, C. creticum, C. vulgare, Jurinea consanguinea, Silybum marianum, Tyrimnus leucographus, y Xeranthemum annuum dentro de la subtribu Carduinae y Carthamus dentatus, C. lanatus, Centaurea cyanus, C. diffusa, C. iberica, C. salonitana, y C. solstitialis dentro de la subtribu Centaureinae. Se determinó su morfologías y distribución mediante microscopía de luz. Los tipos morfológicos de cristales más comúnmente encontrados en las especies examinadas fueron los estiloides y prismáticos. Los rafidios solamente se observaron en las células de la corteza del tallo y de la médula del parénquima de S. marianum, mientras que las drusas solamente se observaron en las células madre de médula de C. pycnocephalus. Los estiloides se observaron (si estaban presentes) en los tejidos de la hoja, la corola, anteras, filamentos, y el estilo. Los cristales prismáticos fueron comunes en los ovarios de casi todas las especies investigadas excepto en Xeranthemum annuum en donde se encontraron estiloides en las células de ovario. Los prismáticos, estiloides, rafidios y drusas estuvieron presentes en los tallos de todas las especies. Se considera que la formación de cristales dent...

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Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in floral organs of Araceae in relation to pollination strategy

Abstract: The results are consistent with crystals protecting against insect predation of gametes and embryos. However, the role of crystals in food-bribe staminodia is unclear. They may limit and direct feeding by beetles in some species, while in others they might have no protective role.

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative anatomy of elaiophores and oil secretion in the genus Gomesa (Orchidaceae)

Comparative anatomy of elaiophores and oil secretion in the genus Gomesa (Orchidaceae)

Variation of Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) Crystals in Porang (<i>Amorphophallus muelleri Blume</i>)

Calcium oxalate crystals in some species of the Tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae)

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Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in floral organs of Araceae in relation to pollination strategy

Abstract: The results are consistent with crystals protecting against insect predation of gametes and embryos. However, the role of crystals in food-bribe staminodia is unclear. They may limit and direct feeding by beetles in some species, while in others they might have no protective role.

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative anatomy of elaiophores and oil secretion in the genus Gomesa (Orchidaceae)

Comparative anatomy of elaiophores and oil secretion in the genus Gomesa (Orchidaceae)

Variation of Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) Crystals in Porang (&lt;i&gt;Amorphophallus muelleri Blume&lt;/i&gt;)

Calcium oxalate crystals in some species of the Tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae)

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Variation of Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) Crystals in Porang (<i>Amorphophallus muelleri Blume</i>)